Quizzes

Question 1

Mechanosensory receptor potentials are generated by

Answer 1

stretch-activated channels like Piezo2

Question 2

Due to an accident, a patient suffered a unilateral lesion to the right side of her spinal cord at level T5. On which side(s) below the lesion will she lose mechanosensory and painful sensations?

Answer 2

Pain on the left, mechanosensation on the right

Question 3

Sensory neurons in area A have smaller receptive fields than those in area B. Which has the higher spatial sensitivity?

Answer 3

Area A

Question 4

Aβ fibers can inhibit the transmission of painful stimuli by

Answer 4

postsynaptic inhibition of ascending dorsal horn projection neurons

Question 5

Which of the following is a large-field cutaneous receptor

Answer 5

Pacinian afferent

Question 6

Neurotransmitter is released by the non-spiking neurons (photoreceptors, bipolar cells, horizontal cells) in your retina

Answer 6

all the time

Question 7

You shine a light on the left eye of an unconscious person, and neither eye shows pupillary constriction.

Answer 7

all of these

Question 8

In response to light

Answer 8

photoreceptors hyperpolarize due to a cation channel closing

Question 9

When its receptive field surround is illuminated, an off-center bipolar cell will

Answer 9

be depolarized

Question 10

Whether a retinal ganglion cell will be on-center or off-center depends on

Answer 10

the type of glutamate receptor expressed by the bipolar cell.

Question 11

Proprioceptors

Answer 11

a. include muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs
b. can form synapses directly on motoneurons
c. all of these
d. contribute critical information for coordinated movements
e. tell you where your body parts are

The answer is c, all of these

Question 12

In the grasshopper mouse, bark scorpion toxin blocks

Answer 12

Nav1.8

Question 13

The emotional aspect of pain is mediated by the

Answer 13

insular cortex

Question 14

The neuron shown above is a

Answer 14

mechanosensory neuron

Question 15

Neurotransmitter is released by the non-spiking neurons (photoreceptors, bipolar cells, horizontal cells) in your retina

Answer 15

all the time

Question 16

The plexiform layers contain

Answer 16

neuropil

Question 17

Visual actuity is greatest at

Answer 17

the fovea

Question 18

An off-center ganglion cell will be most active when stimulated by

Answer 18

a dark spot surrounded by a bright halo

Question 19

When the surround cone of an on-center bipolar cell is illuminated, the center cone releases

Answer 19

more glutamate

Question 20

Nociceptive neurons make their first synapses:

Answer 20

in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord

Question 21

Regions of the skin in which cutaneous sensory neurons have small receptive fields

Answer 21

are overrepresented in the somatic sensory cortex

Question 22

Proprioceptors do not

Answer 22

a. project to the brain without branching
b. include muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs
c. tell you where your body parts are
d. contribute critical information for coordinated movements

the answer is a.

Question 23

Rods and cones differ in all the following except:

Answer 23

a. their distribution in the retina
b. their opsin proteins
c. sensitivity to light
d. the neurotransmitter they release

the answer is d.

Question 24

The range of illumination in which rods and cones are both used is

Answer 24

mesopic

Question 25

The blind spot is:

Answer 25

located at the optic disk, which is normally filled in by information from the other eye, is the site at which the optic nerve leaves the retina.

Question 26

Whether a retinal ganglion cell will be on-center or off-center depends on

Answer 26

the type of glutamate receptor expressed by the bipolar cell

Question 27

Light with a wavelength of 525nm will excite which cones maximally:

Answer 27

medium cones

Question 28

Pain can be modulated by descending inputs from the brain stem, which activate neurons that release:

Answer 28

endogenous opioids, which causes presynaptic inhibition of nociceptive neurons through metabotropic receptors

Question 29

Cell bodies of somatosensory neurons are found in:

Answer 29

Dorsal root ganglia

Question 30

Regions of the skin in which cutaneous sensory neurons have small receptive fields:

Answer 30

are overrepresented in the somatic sensory cortex

Question 31

"Simple" neurons in the primary visual cortex respond best to:

Answer 31

bars with specific orientations in specific locations

Question 32

If you wanted to alter the basilar membrane to make it respond to frequencies above 20 kHz, you would make it:

Answer 32

stiffer

Question 33

Tuning curves for auditory nerve fibers:

Answer 33

define the frequency for which the threshold is lowest

Question 34

Deflection of inner hair cilia in the cochlea causes:

Answer 34

depolarization due to opening of K+ channels

Question 35

The best frequency of an auditory nerve axon is:

Answer 35

the frequency which requires the smallest signal to generate spikes

Question 36

You can determine the azimuth of a sound source by comparing the following inputs to the two ears:

Answer 36

arrival times for low frequencies and relative loudness for high frequencies

Question 37

The map of auditory space is located in the:

Answer 37

inferior colliculus

Question 38

The calyx of Held required for:

Answer 38

rapid and reliable transmission

Question 39

If you cut the right optic tract, you would not see:

Answer 39

objects in the visual field from the left side

Question 40

Impedance matching in the auditory system is performed by the:

Answer 40

eardrum and bones of the middle ear

Question 41

Definition of inner hair cilia in the cochlea causes:

Answer 41

depolarization due to opening of K+ channels

Question 42

The part of the basilar membrane that responds best to high frequencies is:

Answer 42

the base, where the membrane is stiffest

Question 43

Damage to Broca's are:

Answer 43

will affect production of language

Question 44

The calyx Held is required:

Answer 44

rapid and reliable transmission

Question 45

Neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus receive input from:

Answer 45

the ipsilateral temporal retina and the contralateral nasal retina

Question 46

Outer hair cells of the cochlea:

Answer 46

-contract in response to depolarization - have their cilia embedded in the tectorial membrane - increase sensitivity

Question 47

You can determine the azimuth of a sound source by comparing the following inputs to the two ears:

Answer 47

- arrival times for low frequencies and relative loudness for high frequencies

Question 48

Neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus receive input from

Answer 48

the ipsilateral temporal retina and the contralateral nasal retina

Question 49

A neuron projecting from the lateral superior olive to the inferior colliculus will be most excited when:

Answer 49

sound in the ipsilateral ear is louder than that in the contralateral ear

Question 50

action potentials in the auditory nerve are phase-locked to the frequency of the sound stimulus:

Answer 50

for frequencies below about 3000 Hz

Question 51

This record shows the response of a hair cell

Answer 51

responding to a frequency below 1000 Hz

Question 52

Your auditory system amplifies sound through all of the following mechanisms except:

Answer 52

massive convergence of sensory neurons on the central nervous system

Question 53

If a sound has high pitch

Answer 53

the alternating waves of compression and rarefaction are close together

Question 54

Information transmitted by the auditory nerve includes all of the following except:

Answer 54

location in space