Quizzes Flashcards
Mechanosensory receptor potentials are generated by
stretch-activated channels like Piezo2
Due to an accident, a patient suffered a unilateral lesion to the right side of her spinal cord at level T5. On which side(s) below the lesion will she lose mechanosensory and painful sensations?
Pain on the left, mechanosensation on the right
Sensory neurons in area A have smaller receptive fields than those in area B. Which has the higher spatial sensitivity?
Area A
Aβ fibers can inhibit the transmission of painful stimuli by
postsynaptic inhibition of ascending dorsal horn projection neurons
Which of the following is a large-field cutaneous receptor
Pacinian afferent
Neurotransmitter is released by the non-spiking neurons (photoreceptors, bipolar cells, horizontal cells) in your retina
all the time
You shine a light on the left eye of an unconscious person, and neither eye shows pupillary constriction.
all of these
In response to light
photoreceptors hyperpolarize due to a cation channel closing
When its receptive field surround is illuminated, an off-center bipolar cell will
be depolarized
Whether a retinal ganglion cell will be on-center or off-center depends on
the type of glutamate receptor expressed by the bipolar cell.
Proprioceptors
a. include muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs
b. can form synapses directly on motoneurons
c. all of these
d. contribute critical information for coordinated movements
e. tell you where your body parts are
The answer is c, all of these
In the grasshopper mouse, bark scorpion toxin blocks
Nav1.8
The emotional aspect of pain is mediated by the
insular cortex
The neuron shown above is a
mechanosensory neuron
Neurotransmitter is released by the non-spiking neurons (photoreceptors, bipolar cells, horizontal cells) in your retina
all the time
The plexiform layers contain
neuropil
Visual actuity is greatest at
the fovea
An off-center ganglion cell will be most active when stimulated by
a dark spot surrounded by a bright halo
When the surround cone of an on-center bipolar cell is illuminated, the center cone releases
more glutamate
Nociceptive neurons make their first synapses:
in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
Regions of the skin in which cutaneous sensory neurons have small receptive fields
are overrepresented in the somatic sensory cortex
Proprioceptors do not
a. project to the brain without branching
b. include muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs
c. tell you where your body parts are
d. contribute critical information for coordinated movements
the answer is a.
Rods and cones differ in all the following except:
a. their distribution in the retina
b. their opsin proteins
c. sensitivity to light
d. the neurotransmitter they release
the answer is d.
The range of illumination in which rods and cones are both used is
mesopic
The blind spot is:
located at the optic disk, which is normally filled in by information from the other eye, is the site at which the optic nerve leaves the retina.
Whether a retinal ganglion cell will be on-center or off-center depends on
the type of glutamate receptor expressed by the bipolar cell
Light with a wavelength of 525nm will excite which cones maximally:
medium cones
Pain can be modulated by descending inputs from the brain stem, which activate neurons that release:
endogenous opioids, which causes presynaptic inhibition of nociceptive neurons through metabotropic receptors
Cell bodies of somatosensory neurons are found in:
Dorsal root ganglia
Regions of the skin in which cutaneous sensory neurons have small receptive fields:
are overrepresented in the somatic sensory cortex
“Simple” neurons in the primary visual cortex respond best to:
bars with specific orientations in specific locations
If you wanted to alter the basilar membrane to make it respond to frequencies above 20 kHz, you would make it:
stiffer
Tuning curves for auditory nerve fibers:
define the frequency for which the threshold is lowest
Deflection of inner hair cilia in the cochlea causes:
depolarization due to opening of K+ channels
The best frequency of an auditory nerve axon is:
the frequency which requires the smallest signal to generate spikes
You can determine the azimuth of a sound source by comparing the following inputs to the two ears:
arrival times for low frequencies and relative loudness for high frequencies
The map of auditory space is located in the:
inferior colliculus
The calyx of Held required for:
rapid and reliable transmission
If you cut the right optic tract, you would not see:
objects in the visual field from the left side
Impedance matching in the auditory system is performed by the:
eardrum and bones of the middle ear
Definition of inner hair cilia in the cochlea causes:
depolarization due to opening of K+ channels
The part of the basilar membrane that responds best to high frequencies is:
the base, where the membrane is stiffest
Damage to Broca’s are:
will affect production of language
The calyx Held is required:
rapid and reliable transmission
Neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus receive input from:
the ipsilateral temporal retina and the contralateral nasal retina
Outer hair cells of the cochlea:
-contract in response to depolarization
- have their cilia embedded in the tectorial membrane
- increase sensitivity
You can determine the azimuth of a sound source by comparing the following inputs to the two ears:
- arrival times for low frequencies and relative loudness for high frequencies
Neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus receive input from
the ipsilateral temporal retina and the contralateral nasal retina
A neuron projecting from the lateral superior olive to the inferior colliculus will be most excited when:
sound in the ipsilateral ear is louder than that in the contralateral ear
action potentials in the auditory nerve are phase-locked to the frequency of the sound stimulus:
for frequencies below about 3000 Hz
This record shows the response of a hair cell
responding to a frequency below 1000 Hz
Your auditory system amplifies sound through all of the following mechanisms except:
massive convergence of sensory neurons on the central nervous system
If a sound has high pitch
the alternating waves of compression and rarefaction are close together
Information transmitted by the auditory nerve includes all of the following except:
location in space
