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2nd Year GYN > Quizzes > Flashcards

Quizzes Flashcards

0
Q

The left ovarian drains directly into the:

A

Left renal vein

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1
Q

Fluid noted posterior to the uterus would most likely be located within the:

A

Pouch of Douglas

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2
Q

Pelvic bones, when visualizes on sonography, will produce:

A

Posterior shadowing

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3
Q

The anterior cul-de-sac is also referred to as the:

A

Vesicouterine pouch

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4
Q

The right ovarian vein drains directly into the:

A

Ivc

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5
Q

The innominate bones of the pelvis consist of:

A

Ischium, ilium, and pubic bones

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6
Q

The true pelvis is delineated from the false pelvis by the

A

Linea terminalis

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7
Q

The uterus is located to the rectum:

A

Anterior

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8
Q

The muscles that may be confused with the ovaries on a pelvic sonogram include the:

A

Piriformus and iliopsoas muscles

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9
Q

Sonographically pelvic muscles appear:

A

Hypoechoic

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10
Q

Peritoneal spaces located posterior to the broad ligaments are referred to as the:

A

Adnexa

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11
Q

The paired muscles that are located lateral to the uterus and anterior to the iliac crest are:

A

Iliopsoas muscles

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12
Q

Fluid noted anterior to the uterus would most likely be located within the:

A

Vesicouterine pouch

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13
Q

The bilateral muscles that are located posterior to and extend from the sacrum to the femoral greater trochanter are the

A

Piriformus muscles

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14
Q

The pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary and extends from the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus is:

A

Ovarian ligament

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15
Q

The pelvic muscle group that is located between coccyx and the pubis is the:

A

Levator ani muscles

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16
Q

The space of retzius is located:

A

Between the bladder and pubic bone

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17
Q

The right ovarian artery branches off of the:

A

Aorta

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18
Q

The muscle located lateral to the ovaries is the:

A

Obuturator internus muscle

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19
Q

Weakening of these muscles may lead to prolapse of the pelvic organs:

A

Levator ani and coccygeus muscles

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20
Q

The arteries that directly supply blood to the functional layer of the:

A

Spiral arteries

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21
Q

Another name for the rectouterine pouch is:

A

Pouch of Douglas

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22
Q

The pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis is the:

A

Broad ligament

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23
Q

The uterine artery branches off the:

A

Internal iliac artery

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24
Q

The peripheral arteries of the uterus are the:

A

Arcuate arteries

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25
Q

The urinary bladder, uterus, and ovaries are located within the:

A

True pelvis

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26
Q

The ligament that extends from the ovary to the pelvic side wall is the:

A

Suspensory ligament

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27
Q

Pelvic bones when visualized on sonography, will appear:

A

Hyperechoic

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28
Q

The ovary is supplied blood by the:

A

Ovarian artery and uterine artery

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29
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone is produced by the:

A

Anterior pituitary gland

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30
Q

Painful and difficult menstruation is termed:

A

Dysmenorrhea

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31
Q

The hormone of the pituitary gland that stimulates follicular development

A

Fsh

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32
Q

The first phase of the ovarian cycle is

A

Follicular phase

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33
Q

The hormone produced by the hypothalamus that controls the release of the hormones for menstruation by the anterior pituitary gland is:

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

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34
Q

The hormone that is responsible for ovulation is:

A

Luteinizing hormone

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35
Q

The first phase of the endometrial cycle is the:

A

Proliferative phase

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36
Q

The corpus luteum primarily releases:

A

Progesterone

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37
Q

The arteries within the functional layer of the endometrium that are altered by the hormones of the ovary are the:

A

Spiral arteries

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38
Q

The second phase of the endometrial cycle is the

A

Secretory phase

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39
Q

Which of the following hormones is released by the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle

A

Progesterone

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40
Q

Luteinizing hormone is produced by the

A

Anterior pituitary gland

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41
Q

The first menstrual cycle is termed:

A

Menarche

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42
Q

The second phase of the ovarian cycle is called

A

Luteal phase

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43
Q

The two hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland that impact the menstrual cycle

A

Luteum icing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone

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44
Q

Which hormone released by the ovary during the proliferative phase stimulated endometrial thickening

A

Estrogen

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45
Q

The small vessels found along the periphery of the uterus are call the?

A

arcuate arteries

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46
Q

The endometrium is at its greatest thickness and echogenicity with posterior enhancement in the _______________ phase.

A

secretory

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47
Q

The difference between peak systole and peak diastole is know as

A

S/D ratio

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48
Q

A procedure where sterile saline is infused into the endometrial cavity via a catheter to help demonstrate abnormalities in the cavity is ?

A

sonohysterography

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49
Q

To image the fundus of the anteverted uterus with transvaginal sonography, the transducer should be angled so the handle is ?

A

toward the bed

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50
Q

symmetric bilateral pelvic structures are most likely?

A

pelvic muscles

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51
Q

flexion refers to the axis of the uterine body relative to the ?

A

cervix

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52
Q

Nabothian cysts are found__________?

A

endocervical canal

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53
Q

arcuate artery calcification are seen in _______ women.

A

diabetic

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54
Q

The most accurate way to measure the cervical fundal dimension of the uterus is?

A

transabdominally

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55
Q

Name three things that the distended urinary bladder does to allow visualization of the pelvic organs.

A
  1. pushes uterus down
  2. use as an acoustic window
    3.
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56
Q

What features should be documented when a mass is found on the pelvic sonogram?

A

size, location, external contour and internal consistency

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57
Q

What are some contraindications of performing a tranvaginal sonogram?

A

age, patient refusal, virgin, lack of patient tolerance

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58
Q

The vaginal opening is also know as?

A

introtius

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59
Q

name the six muscle groups of the pelvis

A
  1. leviator ani
  2. piriformius
  3. psoas
  4. illacus
  5. obturator internus
  6. coccygeus
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60
Q

_________ is the measurement that takes the highest systolic peak minus the highest diastolic peak divided by the highest systolic peak.

A

pourcelot resistive index

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61
Q

In an infant, the endometrium may appear thick and echogenic because of ?

A

hormones from the mother

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62
Q

Patient’s with postmenopausal bleeding and an endometrial double layer thickness great than_____ should have further evaluation

A

5mm

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63
Q

Typically the ovary is located just lateral to the ________ and anteromedial to the __________, which can be used as a landmark to localize the artery.

A

uterus, internal illiac

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64
Q

During the proliferative phase, many follicles develop and increase in size until about day 8 or 9 of the menstrual cycle. This is cause by?

A

FSH, LH

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65
Q

The volume of the ovary is calculated using the formula for a prolate ellipse which is:

A

.523 x length x width x height

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66
Q

prepubertally the cervix occupies ______ of the uterine length and the uterus is about 1 to 3 cm in length and .5 to 1 cm in width.

A

2/3

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67
Q

The sonographic appearance of the proliferative endometrium is known as the _______ sign

A

3 line sign

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68
Q

The best sonographic marker for the ovary is identification of a _______

A

follicle

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69
Q

Because of the variability in shape, __________ is considered the best method for determining ovarian size.

A

volume

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70
Q 
Clinical signs of a 32 year old woman with an enlarged uterus on physical examination and a history of cycle profuse, prolonged bleeding with increasing pain most likely represent:
A)  early pregnancy
B) leiomyoma
C) ruptured Nabothian cycst
D) ruptured follicular
A

B) leiomyoma

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71
Q 
The most common site for a leiomyoma to occur is:
A)  submucosal
B)  subserosal
C)  pedunculated
D)  intramural
A

D) intramural

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72
Q 
Complication in delivery may occur with pregnancy if a fibroid is located: 
A near the fundus
B. pedunculated off the fundus
C. near the cervix
D. near the ovar
A

near the cervix

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73
Q

Hydrometra appears sonographically as:

A) a sonolucent tubular structure in the adnexa
B) an echogenic thickening of the endometrium
C) a sonolucent fluid collection in the uterine canal
D) a sonolucent fluid collection in the uterus, cervix and vagina

A

C. a sonolucent fluid collection in the uterine canal

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74
Q

A benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium is known as:

A

Adenomyosis

75
Q

A hyperplastic protrusion of the epithelium of the cervix; may be broad based or pedunculated

A

cerivcal polyp

76
Q

The most common sonographic finding in the endometrial carcinoma:

A

abnormal thickening of the endometrial cavity

77
Q

A small percentage of leiomyomas are located in the:

A

cervix

78
Q

An acquired condition with obstruction of the cervical canal is most likely a result of:

A

cervical stenosis

79
Q

The size and shape of the normal uterus are related to all except which of the following?

A

family history

80
Q

Which leiomyoma location is most likely to cause heavy irregular uterine bleeding?

A

submucosal

81
Q

The most common cause of uterine calcification is:

A

myomas

82
Q

On ultrasound, the characteristic appearance of a degenerating leiomyoma is:

A

heterogeneous

83
Q

Which of the following statements about adenomyosis is false?

A) Ectopic tissue arises from stratum functionalis of the endometrium
B) adenomyosis can be managed with hormone therapy
C) adenomyosis may cause abnormal uterine bleeding
D) Adenomyosis may cause pelvic pain during menstruation

A

A) Ectopic tissue arises from stratum functionalis of the endometrium

84
Q

Endometrial hyperplasia develops from:

A

unopposed estrogen stimulation

85
Q

A 3-day postpartum woman compalins of intense pelvic pain. Sonographically, the uterus appears hypoechoic with an irregular endometrium. This most likely represents:

A

endometritis

86
Q

Only ____% of women with postmenopausal bleeding have endometrial carcinoma.

A

10%

87
Q

Patients on tamoxifen therarpy have an increased risk of:

A

enodmetrial hyperplasia
endometrial polys
endometrial carcinoma

88
Q

A 28 year old woman presents with left lower quadrant pain. Her last menstrual period was 2 weeks ago. Sonographically, the uterine body displays a highly echogenic structure in the endometrial cavity. This most likely represents:

A

an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD)

89
Q

Irregular, acyclic bleeding is defined as:

A

metrorrhea

90
Q

Where might you find a Gartner’s duct cyst?

A

vagina

91
Q

In a posthysterectomy patient, the normal vaginal cuff should not exceed ____cm.

A

2

92
Q

The duplication of the uterus with a common cervix is:

A

bicornuate uterus

93
Q

a blood filled vagina and uterus is know as:

A

hematometrocolpos

94
Q

An anomaly of the uterus in which only one horn develops is known as:

A

unicornuate uterus

95
Q

A fluid filled vagina is:

A

hydrocolpos

96
Q

A complete duplication of the uterus, cervix, and vagina is:

A

didelphys uterus

97
Q

In this condition, blood may be seen in the cervix and uterine cavities:

A

vaginal atresia

98
Q

The “cigar” shaped uterus that is deviated to one side is called:

A

unicornuate uterus

99
Q

Early in development, both sexes appear similar until the _____ week of gestation.

A

9th

100
Q

These ducts form most of the female genital tract.

A

paramesonephric

101
Q

In the newborn female, the uterus is prominent with a:

A

thickened hyperechoic endometrial lining

102
Q

The blood supply to the uterus is provided by the:

A

uterine arteries

103
Q

Congenital anomalies of the uterus have a high association of:

A

a

104
Q 
Types of mullerian abnormalities include all except which of the following?
A)  improper fusion
B)  incomplete development of one side
C)  incomplete vaginal canaliztion
D) improper location of the vagina
A

D) improper locationof the vagina

105
Q 
The upper third of the vagina and uterus is derived from the embryonic:
A) paramesonephric ducts
B) mullerian ducts
C) mueller ducts
D) both a and b
A

D) both a and b

106
Q

The most common cause of the female pseudohermaphroditism is:

A

congenital virilizing adrenal hyperaplsia

107
Q

The cranial parts of the paramesonephric ducts form the:

A

uterine tubes

108
Q

A congenital anomaly of the uterus in which two closely spaced uterine cavities are seen with only one fundus is a:

A

septate uterus

109
Q

A differential diagnosis of an ovarian teratoma may include ______ when pain is located on the right side:

A

a

110
Q

This uterine condition has the highest incidence of fertility problems:

A

septate uterus

111
Q

The bilobed uterine cavity with wide spaced cavities and low incidence of fertility complication is:

A

bicornuate uterus

112
Q

Ovarian size in neonate to postpuberty female is most accurate using:

A

a

113
Q

Congenital uterine anomalies occur in approximately _____% of females.

A

.5-1.0

114
Q

Errors in sexual development result in:

A

ambiguous genitalia

115
Q

There is a high incidence of larger ovarian cysts in infants of mothers with all except:

A

DES exposure

116
Q

A small endocrine structure that develops within a ruptured ovarian follicle and secretes progesterone and estorgen is?

A

corpus luteum cyst

117
Q

A _______ cyst occurs when a dominant follicle does not succeed in ovulating and remains active although immature

A

follicular cyst

118
Q

The most common adnexal mass found during early pregnancy is a

A

corpus luteal cyst

119
Q 
Which of the following is a localized tumor of endometriosis most frequently found in the ovary, cul-de-sac, retrovaginal septum and peritoneal surface of the posterior wall of the uterus?
A. dermoid
B. myoma
C. paraovarian cyst
D. endometrioma
A

endometrioma

120
Q

The normal ovary has a__________ echo texture

A

homogeneous with central echogenic medulla

121
Q

Simple ovarian cysts in postmenopausal women are not likely malignant when measuring less than _____ cm

A

5

122
Q 
Sonographic criteria for a simple ovarian cyst include all except which of the following?
A. anechoic
B. smooth walls
C. posterior shadowing
D. acoustic enhancement
A

posterior shadowing

123
Q 
which statement about PCOS is false?
A. It includes amenorrhea
B. it includes early pregnancy loss
C. it occurs in the mid to late thirties
D. it includes hirsutism
A

It occurs in the mid to late thirties

124
Q

Paraovarian cysts arise from the :

A

Broad ligament

125
Q

A specific diagnosis of paraovarian cyst is made possible only by:

A

demonstrating an ipsilateral ovary separate from the cyst

126
Q

Ovarian carcinoma is classified into four stages. Stage II is limited to?

A

limited to pelvis

127
Q

A common condition in which functioning endometrial tissue is present outside of the uterus is:

A

endometriosis

128
Q

Partial or complete rotation of the ovarian pedicle on its axis defines:

A

ovarian torsion

129
Q

Which of the following statements about ovarian torsion is F?
A. usually presents as a solid adnexal mass
B. torsion frequently involves the ovary and fallopioan tube
C. the ovary appears enlarged
D. the left ovary is three times more likely to torse than the right

A

D

130
Q

A tumor that may mimic gas or feces int he pelvis is a:

A

dermoid

131
Q

The dermoid tumor is typically assoicated with what ultrasound sign?

A

tip of the icerberg

132
Q 
What statement about Meigs' syndrome is false
A. associated with fibroma
B. includes massive ascities
C . associated with theca lutein cysts
D. includes pleural effusions
A

associated with theca lutein cysts

133
Q

This rare, benign estrogen producing ovarian neoplasm is most often seen in postmenopausal women?

A

thecoma

134
Q

Which of the following is an endocrine disorder associated with chronic anovulation?

A

PCOS

135
Q

Which pelvic organ is more involved with metastatic disease?

A

ovary

136
Q

A metastatic mass to the ovaries from the gastrointestional tract is know as:

A

dysgerminoma

137
Q

A corpus luteal cyst will usually regress by ____ weeks gestations

A

16

138
Q

As time goes on the appearance of a hemorrhagic cyst becomes more________

A

complex

139
Q

Endometriosis presents in two forms

A

diffust & localized

140
Q

another name for an endometrioma is

A

chocolate cyst

141
Q

Sonographic findings with ovarian torsion include an adnexal mass and commonly____

A

free fluid

142
Q

The two most common types of epithelial tumors of the ovary are?

A

mucous and serous

143
Q

The demoid cyst is composed of what three germ layers?

A

endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm

144
Q

A rate malignant germ cell turmor in a woman less than 30 years of age that appears sonographically as an entirely solid mass is usually a

A

dysgermioma

145
Q

A benign ovarian neoplasm that is filled with a sticky, gelatin like material is know as a

A

mucous cystadenoma

146
Q

A malignant ovarian neoplasm with thick irregular walls and septations accompanied by ascites with bright punctate echoes is know as a

A

mucous cystadenocarcinoma

147
Q

A malignant ovarian neoplasm that appears sonogrpahically as a cystic structure with thin septations and or papillary projections and is more often bilateral is know as

A

serous cystadenocarcinoma

148
Q

granulosa cell tumors, thecomas, fibroma and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors fall under the category of

A

stromal tumors

149
Q

a deminizing neplasm composed of cells resembling the graafian follicle is know as

A

granulosa

150
Q

an ovarian tumor with an abudance of fibrous tissue that is rarely associated with estrogen production is know as a

A

fibroma

151
Q

________ descrives the intraperitoneal extension of mucin secreting cells that result from the rupture of a mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

A

pseudomyxoma peritonei

152
Q

A _______ , also know as a transitional cell tumor, is a rare benign tumor falling under the category of surface epithelial tumors. Sonographic appearance often is a small, hypoechoic tumor that may contain calcifications.

A

Brenners tumor

153
Q

When evaluating the infertile patient, in addition to assessing structural anatomy of the uterus, the sonographer should evaluate the:

A

endometrium

154
Q

The uterine anomaly most frequently associated with a high incidence of infertility is:

A

septate uterus

155
Q

The triple line sign is associated with which structure?

A

endometrium

156
Q

The fallopian tubes are evaluated by sonography/saline to determine:

A

patency

157
Q

A dominant follicle grows at a rate of:

A

2.0 to 3.0 mm/day

158
Q 
Patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome may present with the clinical triad of all except which of the following
A. oligomenorrhea
B. hirsutism
C. bulimia
D. obesity
A

bulimia

159
Q 
Complications associated with assisted reproductive technologies include all except which of the following?
A. hyperstimulation
B. Multiple gestations
C. cervical stenosis
D. ectopic pregnancy
A

cervical stenosis

160
Q

After ovulation, progesterone is secreted by:

A

corpus luteum

161
Q

Cervical mucus is evaluated by the postcoital test within:

A

24 hours

162
Q

The t-shped uterus is a congenital anomaly caused by:

A

exposure to DES in utero

163
Q

In the luteal phase, the endometrial lining may be thinner than expected from not enough:

A

progesterone

164
Q

_______tend to have a narrow base attachement to the endometrium with a vascular pedicle feeing it.

A

endometrial polyp

165
Q

a hyperechoic linear strand of tissue extending from one wall of the uterine cavity to the other

A

synechia

166
Q

A normal endometrial response associated with overstimulation is an increasing thickness form 2 to 3mm to ______

A

12 to 14mm

167
Q

A human fertilization technique in which fertilized ova are injected through a laparoscope into the fimbriated ends of the fallopian tubes id know as:

A

ZIFT

168
Q

Fertilization takes place within the womans body in

A

GIFT

169
Q

demonstrates enlarged ovaries wiht multiple cysts, abdominal ascites, and pleural effusion?

A

ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

170
Q

Ovarian induction therapy requires documetaion of all follicles greater than ______ in both longitudinal and transverse planes

A

10mm

171
Q

Follicle size and ________determines the approximate time of ovulation

A

estradiol levels

172
Q

in vitro fertilization, the optimal placement of the embryos is considered to within 1.0 to 1.5 cm of the apex of the ______

A

uterine fundus

173
Q

Multiple gestations occur in approximately _________ of in vitro fertiliztion

A

25%

174
Q

The success rate of GIFT adn ZIFT is approximately _____ per cycle.

A

25%

175
Q

Before embryo transfer into the uterus, the oocytes are fertilized and incubated for ________

A

48 to 74 hours

176
Q

A infection that involves the fallopian tube and the the ovary is called

A

TOA

177
Q 
Risk factors in pelvic inflammatory diease include all except which of the following?
A. early sexual contact
B. single sexual partner
C. sexually transmitted diseases
D. IUD
A

B. single sexual partner

178
Q

Which of the following statements about PID is false?
A. PID is almost always a bilateral collection of pus and fluid
B. patients may present with pelvic pain and a history of infertility
C. PID includes vaginal discharge with bleeding
D. A history of PID indicates a decreased risk of etopic pregnancy

A

D. a history of PID indicates a decreased risk of etopic pregnancy

179
Q

Which of the following statements about the fallopian tube is false?
A. The normal lumen is usually not visualized
B. detection is easier if fluid or pus is withing the tube
C. The tube is best seen transabdominally
D. ascites is helpful to outline the tube

A

The tube is best seen transabdominally

180
Q

What is an infection within the fallopian tube called?

A

salpingitis

181
Q 
PID is an inclusive term that refers to all pelvic infections except?
A. oophoritis
B. endometriosis
C.parametritis
D. myometritis
A

B. endometriosis

182
Q

The most common etiology of PID

A

sexually transmitted diseases

183
Q

Fusion of the inflamed dilated tube and ovary is called

A

tuboovarian complex

184
Q

Infection within the uterine serosa and broad ligmanets is

A

parametritis

185
Q

Clinical symptoms of PID may include

A

d

2nd Year GYN (9 decks)

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