Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cultural Psychology Quizzes > Quizzes > Flashcards

Quizzes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

One of psychology’s two main goals is:

to create knowledge about people based on research

to simplify the human mind

to discover and understand people’s primitive needs

to give people important academic jobs

A

to create knowledge about people based on research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most human behaviour research in the USA today is conducted on

hospital patients

a broad spectrum of people from all genders, races, ethnic groups, cultures, social and economic classes, and lifestyles

university students

middle-aged white men

A

University Students

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cross-cultural psychology seeks to find principles and truth that are

universal to some people in some cultures and culture specific to all people of all cultures.

universal to all culturally specific people.

culturally specific to all universal people

universal to all people of all cultures or culture-specific to some people in some cultures.

A

Universal to all people of all cultures or culture specific to some people in some cultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The absolutist position assumes that factors underlying behaviour are ______________ , whereas researchers from the relativist position argue they are _________________ .

cultural; biological

biological and cultural; cultural

absolute; universal

biological; cultural

A

biological; cultural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

According to the universalist perspective, similarities in human behaviour across cultures are:

not considered worthwhile to examine

due to species-wide basic processes

due to culture-organism interactions

due to cultural influences

A

due to species-wide basic processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The perspective that involves the claim that all procedures should occur within the local cultural context is the ________________ orientation.

emic

universalist

relativist

absolutist

A

relativist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Parenting beliefs in Western countries tend to emphasize

protection of the child

playing an active-goal-directed role in their child’s development

a focus on enjoying the parent-child relationship

simply letting the child 'grow up'
A

playing an active-goal-directed role in their child’s development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A parental style characterised as warm and nurturing, with few firm parental guidelines for behaviour is

Answers: authoritative
permissive
uninvolved
authoritarian

A

permissive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_________________________ is a period that is probably subject to more cultural and environmental impact than any other in the lifespan.

Answers: Childhood
Adolescence
None of the options is correct: all time periods are equally impacted by cultural and environmental factors.
Middle adulthood.

A

Childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Some researchers have criticised cross-cultural research that uses parenting styles because

Answers:

the meanings of specific dimensions associated with a parenting style (e.g., warmth, control) may vary in meaning across cultures.

it may not account for cultural differences in parenting goals and beliefs.

All of the options are correct.

it is based on observations of a European-American sample.
A

All options correct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Of the many different child-rearing behaviours in which people of different cultures engage, one of the most representative of cultural differences concerns

Answers:	
rule setting.
	nurturent behaviours
	sleeping arrangements.
	the use of physical punishment.
A

Sleeping arrangements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q 
Cross-cultural variations in caregiver responsibilities have been found for:
Answers:	mothers
	All of the options are correct.
	Siblings
	Fathers
A

all options

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The education system is probably the most important institution that
Answers: provides an environmental setting in which education sometimes occurs.
socialises our children and teaches and reinforces important cultural values.
encourages an informative model of teaching.
gives an opportunity for poor families to educate themselves

A

socialises our children and teaches and reinforces important cultural values.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Research suggests that Chinese and Japanese parents and teachers are more likely to emphasise the importance of __________ in children’s learning and achievement.
Answers: innate differences in ability
obedience
individual effort and innate ability equally
individual effort

A

individual effort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Research on malnutrition and temperament of Masai infants supports the concept of:

Answers:	a. 
goodness of fit (between temperament and environment)
	b. 
universal developmental pathways
	c. 
culture specific developmental pathways
	d. 
developmental contextualism
A

goodness of fit (between temperament and environment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q 
The idea that development is driven by nature's close interaction with nurture is called:
Answers:	a. 
universalism
	b. 
contextual development
	c. 
developmental contextualism
	d. 
sociocultural theory
A

developmental contextualism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q 
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the Strange Situation task used to assess attachment has been challenged by cross-cultural research.
Answers:	a. 
accuracy
	b. 
cross-cultural validity
	c. 
reliability
	d. 
consistency
A

cross-cultural validity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Keller proposed three cultural models of attachment. The one that is most similar to the Bowlby/Ainsworth model developed in North America is:

Answers:	a. 
hierarchical relatedness
	b. 
psychological autonomy
	c. 
ethic of community
	d. 
hybrid model
A

psychological autonomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q 
In contrast to Piaget, Vygotsky saw cognitive development as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ culture.
Answers:	a. 
the same as
	b. 
inseparable from
	c. 
totally distinct from
	d. 
more important than
A

inseparable from

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q 
Research conducted across a range of cultures has resulted in alternatives to Kohlberg's model of moral reasoning. These are:
Answers:	a. 
ethic of autonomy and ethic of community
	b. 
ethic of community and ethic of divinity
	c. 
ethic of divinity and ethic of autonomy
	d. 
ethic of divinity and ethic of justice
A

ethic of community and ethic of divinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q 
Zac is a shy child, wary of new people and situations. Research suggests that his temperament would be considered desirable in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ culture but undesirable in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  culture.
Answers:	a. 
Chinese; European
	b. 
Japanese; German
	c. 
Chinese; North American
	d. 
Australian; North American
A

Chinese; North American

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q 
Kohlberg's stages of preconventional and conventional morality are considered to be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Answers:	a. 
problematic
	b. 
universal
	c. 
culture-specific
	d. 
invalid
A

universal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the approach to parenting in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities could be decsribed as what kind of cultural model, according to Keller’s three models?

Answers:	a. 
hierarchical relatedness
	b. 
psychological autonomy
	c. 
culture-specific
	d. 
hybrid
A

hierarchical relatedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cross-cultural research on the timing of developmental milestones suggests that there are:

Answers:	a. 
interactive pathways
	b. 
culture specific pathways
	c. 
universal developmental pathways
	d. 
universal and culture-specific developmental pathways
A

universal and culture-specific developmental pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Cross-cultural research on Piaget’s stages of cognitive development suggests that
Answers: a.
the stages occur in a different order across cultures and there are variations in the timing at which chidlren reach the third and fourth stages
b.
Piaget’s model only applies in North American and European cultures.
c.
the stages occur in the same order in most cultures but there are variations in the timing at which children reach the third and fourth stages
d.
the stages occur in the same order across cultures and children reach the third and fourth stages at the same ages.

A

the stages occur in the same order in most cultures but there are variations in the timing at which children reach the third and fourth stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Hierarchical relatedness is a cultural model of attachment in which:
Answers: a.
security is developed within a network of community members
b.
security is developed through the close bond with the primary caregiver
c.
security is developed through connections with grandparents
d.
security is developed over time as the child ages

A

security is developed within a network of community members

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Self-concepts

Answers: are shaped and moulded by culture.
All options are correct.
influence all other aspects of individual behaviour.
are most evident when people with different senses of self interact.

A

All options are correct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The people who adopt an interdependent construal of self

Answers:	a. 
view themselves in relation to specific social contexts.
	b. 
focus on intelligence.
	c. 
are often co-dependent.
	d. 
do not have knowledge about their internal attributes.
A

view themselves in relation to specific social contexts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How is the ‘self’ seen in Western or individualistic cultures?

Answers:	a. 
As a bounded entity consisting of needs, motives, abilities and rights
	b. 
As controlled or guided by attributes
	c. 
None of the options is correct
	d. 
As a self-definition
A

As a bounded entity consisting of needs, motives, abilities and rights

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

When members of a culture possess a self-concept that is fundamentally connected to important others in their lives, they can be said to
Answers: a.
possess an internal locus of control.
b.
be socially engaged.
c.
be deficient in recognizing relevant social contexts.
d.
possess an interdependent construal of self.

A

possess an interdependent construal of self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q 
Research studies that have asked participants to write down descriptive characteristics of themselves have shown that American participants tend to emphasize \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, while Asian participants emphasize \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 
Answers:	a. 
abstract traits; internal attributes
	b. 
situation specific self-descriptions; abstract traits.
	c. 
 abstract traits; social relationships
	d. 
social relationships; specific contexts
A

abstract traits; social relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The cross-cultural research cited in the text suggests that the fundamental attribution error may be
Answers: a.
less robust or pervasive in cultures emphasising an interdependent construal of self.
b.
more robust or pervasive in cultures emphasizing an interdependent construal of self.
c.
universal.
d.
less robust or pervasive in cultures emphasising an independent construal of self.

A

less robust or pervasive in cultures emphasising an interdependent construal of self.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The general notion of happiness (i.e., generic positive emotions) is most often reported as being associated with

Answers: a.
experiencing socially engaged emotions among Americans
b.
experiencing socially disengaged emotions among Japanese.
c.
socially-oriented achievement.
d.
experiencing socially engaged emotions among Japanese.

A

experiencing socially engaged emotions among Japanese.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q 
Many studies assume that Asians have interdependent self-construals and are collectivistic, while Americans have independent self-construals and are individualistic. These assumptions
Answers:	a. 
are absolutely invalid
	b. 
are absolutely valid
	c. 
are based on research in Japan only
	d. 
 may or may not be valid and need to be carefully evaluated
A

may or may not be valid and need to be carefully evaluated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q 
People from collective cultures are comfortable describing themselves in terms of abstract, internal attributes when  
Answers:	a. 
a context is specified
	b. 
a person is specified
	c. 
they are with those of their own status
	d. 
they are at home
A

a context is specified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Cross-cultural research examining personality supports which of the following claims?

Answers: That the Five Factor Model of personality appears to be universal for all humans.

All of the options are correct.

That the Revised NEO Personality Inventory is valid across a wide range of cultures.

That Americans, Australians and New Zealanders tend to be high on extraversion.
A

All of the options are correct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

If the Five Factors of personality are universal then they must be _________ in origin.

Answers: ecological
cultural/environmental
biological

None of the answers is correct. There is not enough evidence to determine the origins of the Five Factors.  It is likely that both play a role.
A

None of the answers is correct. There is not enough evidence to determine the origins of the Five Factors. It is likely that both play a role.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

A dimension of personality not included in the Five Factors that might be relevant in many Asian cultures is

Answers: Agreeableness
Neuroticism
Interpersonal relatedness
Independent self-construal

A

Interpersonal relatedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

A primary concern about the research that uses personality scales developed in the USA to assess personality differences across cultures is whether

Answers: a.
All of the options are correct.
b.
the instruments are reliable across cultures.
c.
the instruments are valid across cultures.
d.
the personality domains measured are equivalent and existent across cultures.

A

all options

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q 
In addition to the Five Factor Theory, another approach proposed to account for the universality of the Five Factor Model is
Answers:	the evolutionary approach
	the indigenous personality theory
	the biological approach
	the national character theory
A

the evolutionary approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

National character refers to

Answers:
a culture’s values
individualism and collectivism

the perception that each culture has a modal personality and most people in that culture share aspects of it

someone who is prototypical of their culture
A

the perception that each culture has a modal personality and most people in that culture share aspects of it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Constellations of personality traits and characteristics found only in a specific culture are called:

Answers: interdependent self-construals
indigenous personalities
independent personalities
national characters

A

indigenous personalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Cross-cultural research on personality traits suggests that

Answers: the Five Factor Model of personality is invalid across cultures
perceptions of national character are largely inaccurate stereotypes
perceptions of national character accurately capture cultural differences in values, beliefs and attitudes
people in many western cultures are highly introverted

A

perceptions of national character are largely inaccurate stereotypes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q 
In cultures high on masculinity there are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ .
Answers:	a. 
double standards about sex
	b. 
All of the options are correct.
	c. 
norms encouraging more passive roles for women
	d.

moralistic attitides about sex

A

All of the options are correct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q 
When it comes to sexuality, there are cultural similarities in people's attitudes to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ but cultural variation in their attitudes to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Answers:	a. 
incest; premarital sex
	b. 
teen sex; homosexuality
c.  adultery; incest
d.  premarital sex; homosexuality
A

incest; premarital sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q 
The degree to which a person adopts the gender-specific behaviours ascribed by his/her culture is called
Answers:	a. 
their gender identity
	b. 
their sex role
	c. 
their gender stereotype
	d. 
their gender role
A

their gender role

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ has a large influence on gender differences.
Answers:	a. 
Sex
	b. 
Masculinity
	c. 
Culture
	d. 
Biology
A

culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Williams and Best’s cross-cultural study of gender stereotypes showed that men were universally associated with ______________ compared with women.
Answers: a.
stronger and more active characteristics
b.
stronger and more aggressive characteristics
c.
stronger and less nurturing characteristics
d.
stronger and more favourable characteristics

A

Stronger and more active characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q 
In Hofstede's research, Japan was found to have \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and Norway  \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ , masculinity scores.
Answers:	a. 
extreme; zero
	b. 
None of the options is correct.
	c. 
lower; higher
	d. 
higher; lower
A

higher; lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q 
Differences in masculinity and femininity have been shown to be related to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Answers:	a. 
sexist ideologies
	b. 
individualism and collectivism
	c. 
sex roles
	d. 
gender identity
A

sexist ideologies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q 
Cross-cultural studies show that male superiority in spatial abilities is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Answers:	a. 
related to poor verbal comprehension.
	b. 
only present in Western cultures.
	c. 
culture-specific.
	d. 
universal
A

culture-specific.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q 
Which of the following five factors of personality has been shown to differ for men and women, across cultures?
Answers:	a. 
Conscientiousness
	b. 
Neuroticism
	c. 
Extraversion
	d. 
Openness to experiences
A

Neuroticism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q 
Which of the following shows strong differences between men and women in many cultures?
Answers:	a. 
spatial ability
	b. 
verbal comprehension
	c. 
conformity
	d. 
the division of household labour
A

the division of household labour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Cross-cultural research on mental processes shows there are
Answers: a.
cultural differences in basic cognitive processes.
b.
cultural similarities and differences in the ways people think.
c.
cultural similarities in the ways people think.
d.
cultural differences in the ways people think.

A

cultural differences in basic cognitive processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

The ‘‘culture as cognition’’ argument is that
Answers: a.
some basic processes are universal and higher-order processes are culture-specific.
b.

humans have cognitive skills than animals do not.

c.  culture exists collectively not only inside individual minds.
d.  culture is simply a set of mental representations or knowledge system.
A

culture is simply a set of mental representations or knowledge system.

56
Q

Masuda and colleagues’ research on culture and attention demonstrated that Japanese students were ____________ than were American students.
Answers: a.
less attentive to the background
b.

more attentive to the fish

c.  more attentive to the background
d.  more attentive to the emotional expression
A

more attentive to the background

57
Q 
Analytical processing...
Answers:	a. 
separates the focal object or person from the context or background.
	b. 
is proposed to be more common in Western cultures.
	c. 
is context-independent
	d. 
All of the options are correct.
A

All of the options are correct.

58
Q

Optical illusions like the Mueller-Lyer and Ponzo illusion
Answers: a.

are not evident in all cultural groups.

	b. 
get worse as we get older.
	c. 
are not influenced by education.
	d. 
are evident in all cultural groups.
A

are evident in all cultural groups.

59
Q 
The cultural differences observed in responses to Hudson's depth perception task (what is the hunter's target?) suggests that Western people are more used to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  compared with Bantu people in South Africa.
Answers:	a. 
round environments
	b. 
symbolizing 3 dimensionals in 2D
	c. 
carpentered worlds
	d. 
analytical processing
A

symbolizing 3 dimensionals in 2D

60
Q

Although there appear to be cultural differences in _____________ memory, there is evidence of consensus with regard to remembering _____________ .
Answers: a.
major world events; autobiographical events
b.
specific events; autobiographical events
c.
autobiographical events; major world events
d.
long-term; recent events

A

autobiographical events; major world events

61
Q

Cross-cultural research demonstrates that the ability to reason logically to solve problems
Answers: all of the options are correct.
is context-dependent.
depends on participants’ familiarity with the materials.
is influenced by formal schooling

A

all options

62
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a cultural dimension that has been linked to differences in how creativity is fostered?
Answers:	power-distance
	individualism-collectivism
	uncertainty-avoidance
	analytical versus holistic processing
A

analytical versus holistic processing

63
Q 
Presented with a scenario in which there are tensions between father and son over the son's occupational choice, you consider both sides and try to reconcile them. This is an example of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ .
Answers:	a. 
dialectical thinking
	b. 
creative thinking
	c. 
logical deterministic thinking
	d. 
convergent thinking
A

dialectical thinking

64
Q

Cross-cultural research strongly suggests that culture may affect
Answers: a.
attitudes about and compliance with treatment.
b.
when someone seeks diagnosis and treatment
c.
beliefs about disease causation
d.
All of the options are correct

A

All of the options are correct

65
Q 
According to Chinese religion and philosophy, poor health results from
Answers:	a. 
Too much cold food
	b. 
Too much yang (positive energy)
	c. 
Too much yin (negative energy)
	d. 
Either too much yin (negative energy) or too much yang (positive energy)
A

Either too much yin (negative energy) or too much yang (positive energy)

66
Q

Perceptions concerning the causes of health problems and the type of treatment sought
Answers: a.
can change as a function of acculturation
b.
are relatively stable across ethnic groups
c.
are relatively stable over time
d.
do not vary across ethnic groups

A

can change as a function of acculturation

67
Q

Which of the following is a factor that may help to improve the success of treatment, particularly among members of collectivistic cultures?
Answers: a.
Emphasising the superiority of Western medical approaches
b.
Involving the immediate and extended family
c.
Employing bilingual health care providers
d.
Focusing on the individual

A

Involving the immediate and extended family

68
Q 
A poor understanding of how abnormal behaviour is closely bound to cultural context may lead to
Answers:	a. 
All options are correct.
	b. 
overdiagnosis
	c. 
misdiagnosis
	d. 
underdiagnosis
A

All options are correct

69
Q

Results from the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia conducted by the World Health Organization showed
Answers: a.
Both b and c
b.
a set of certain symptoms common to all cultures in the schizophrenic samples.
c.
differences in the course of illness and expression of some symptoms,
d.
neither b nor

A

Both b and c

70
Q 
Reports of cultural differences in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ have raised questions about the validity of assessment techniques used in cross-cultural comparisons of schizophrenia and other disorders.
Answers:	a. 
treatment
	b. 
willingness to seek treatment
	c. 
gender roles
	d. 
diagnosis
A

diagnosis

71
Q 
Cultures seem to vary with respect to the likelihood of expression of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ as a symptom of depression.
Answers:	a. 
somatic complaints
	b. 
backache
	c. 
extreme feelings of worthlessness
	d. 
insomnia
A

somatic complaints

72
Q

One of the problems with using measurement tools for assessing abnormality is:
Answers: a.
All of the options are correct
b.
definitions of abnormality may vary and culture specific expressions of the disease may be missed.
c.
they have problems in translation
d.
difficulties and differences in how they are administered.

A

All of the options are correct

73
Q

Indigenous healing systems might be effective because
Answers: a.
they apply universal principles of healing
b.
they operate within a particular cultural worldview.
c.
they are generally less expensive than traditional therapy.
d.
they are frightening.

A

they apply universal principles of healing

74
Q 
Some research suggests that similarity of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  between the client and therapist may be more important than \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ similarity.
Answers:	a. 
 culture; personality
	b. 
 ethnicity; cultural
	c. 
worldviews; ethnic
	d. 
age; ethnic
A

worldviews; ethnic

75
Q 
Which of the following was not cited in the text (Matsumoto & Juang) as a commonality among indigenous treatments?
Answers:	a. 
the role of the community in treatment
	b. 
Reliance on religion and spirituality
	c. 
Emphasis on biomedical approaches
	d. 
the role of the family in treatment
A

Emphasis on biomedical approaches

76
Q

The textbook (Matsumoto & Juang) noted that many researchers have argued that
Answers: a.
biologically based treatments are culture-free.
b.
none of the popular Western treatments (e.g., psychoanalysis, client-centred therapy, cognitive-behavioural) have anything to offer to any group except European Americans.
c.
behaviour modification treatments are culture-free.
d.
treatment methods should be modified to fit the worldview of the clients

A

treatment methods should be modified to fit the worldview of the clients

77
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is an indigenous therapy in Japan that involves continuous meditation that is guided by highly structured instruction in self-observation and self-reflection.
Answers:	a. 
Naikan
	b. 
Wakama
	c. 
Morita
	d. 
Zar
A

Naikan

78
Q

A culturally sensitive approach to treatment might
Answers: a.
incorporate traditional healing practices
b.
include an awareness of cultural beliefs about the course of treatment
c.
All of the options are correct
d.
take into account cultural conceptions about the causes of an illness.

A

All of the options are correct

79
Q

Sue, Akutsu, and Higashi (1985) argued that the culturally sensitive therapist will have acquired
Answers: a.
skill and comfort in using innovative treatment methods.
b.
knowledge of diverse cultures and lifestyles.
c.
actual experience working with culturally diverse clients
d.
All of the options are correct

A

All of the options are correct

80
Q

Most western-based psychotherapeutic approaches focus on
Answers: a.
the interaction between the individual and his or her culture.
b.
the client’s family
c.
All of the options are correct
d.
the individual client’s thoughts and feelings.

A

the individual client’s thoughts and feelings

81
Q 
Individualism-collectivism is a dimension that describes the relationship between
Answers:	 1. 
an individual and the group to which he or she belongs
	2. 
genders in a marital relationship
	3. 
the dominant culture and minorities
	4. 
all of the above
A

an individual and the group to which he or she belongs

82
Q

Institutional discrimination is
Answers: a.
when discriminatory policies and practices are found within the institutions of a country or community.
b.
when discrimination is based on rational argument.
c.
when institutions refuse to hire people from particular racial groups.
d.
reverse discrimination.

A

when discriminatory policies and practices are found within the institutions of a country or community.

83
Q 
A negative and unfavourable attitude towards a social group and its members is called:
Answers:	a. 
discrimination
	b. 
dehumanisation
	c. 
stereotype
	 d. 
prejudice.
A

prejudice

84
Q 
A stereotype is:
Answers:	a. 
behaviour towards members of an outgroup
	 b. 
a shared and simplified image of members of a group.
	c. 
the affective component of an attitude
	d. 
a specific prototype.
A

a shared and simplified image of members of a group.

85
Q

Which of the following is not true about the nature of prejudice?
Answers: a.
it is based on distorted facts or illogical assumptions
b.
it is an attitude
c.
it can be based on language, race, gender identity, social status, and sexual orientation
d.
it is an unlearned or innate way of thinking

A

it is an unlearned or innate way of thinking

86
Q

According to Berry’s model of acculturation strategies, the two main dimensions of acculturation are how much the individual or group:

Answers: a.
wishes to assimilate versus integrate.
b.

wishes to keep their language, culture and customs.

c.

seeks to maintain heritage culture versus adoption of new culture.

 d.  seeks to maintain their heritage culture and seeks contact with other groups
A

seeks to maintain their heritage culture and seeks contact with other groups

87
Q 
Research shows that the most commonly reported acculturation strategy among immigrants is:
Answers:	 a. 
integration.
	b. 
marginalisation.
	c. 
separation.
	d. 
assimilation
A

integration

88
Q 
Same-race bias in face recognition is
Answers:	 a. 
when people are better at recognising faces of people within their own ethnic/racial group.
	b. 
culture-specific.
	c. 
related to individualism-collectivism.
	d. 
a finding that we observe in older adults
A

when people are better at recognising faces of people within their own ethnic/racial group.

89
Q 
What kind of love is more highly valued in marriage in individualist cultures?
Answers:	a. 
maternal love
	b. 
platonic love
	 c. 
romantic love
	d. 
physical love
A

romantic love

90
Q

In terms of attractiveness, there is agreement across cultures in _________________ but cultural differences in ____________ .
Answers: a.
desirable facial features; desirable leg to body ratio.
b.
what we find attractive; the meaning of attractiveness
c.
the meaning of attractiveness; what we find attractive
d.
desirable personality traits; what we find attractive.

A

what we find attractive; the meaning of attractiveness

91
Q 
Conformity is higher in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ than \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cultures
a. 
collectivist; individualist
	b. 
North American; Asian
	c. 
loose; tight
	d. 
individualist; collectivist
A

collectivist; individualist

92
Q

Which of the following factors is NOT associated with cultural differences in aggression and conflict ?

a. 
conformity
	b. 
gender egalitarianism
	c. 
climate
	d. 
economic inequality
A

conformity

93
Q 
Which of the following is not a key feature of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Australian) cultures?
Answers:	a. 
spirituality
	b. 
individualism
	c. 
kinship and reciprocity
	d. 
diversity
A

individualism

94
Q 
Traditional Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander concepts of health and illness include:
Answers:	a. 
physical factors.
	b. 
spiritual factors.
	c. 
emotional factors.
	d. 
All answers are correct.
A

All answers are correct

95
Q

Which of the following is not a suggestion for the psychologist’s role in working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, according to the text (Garvey)?

Answers:	a. 
adopting the expert role
	b. 
credibility
	c. 
cultural competence
	d. 
understanding behaviour in context
A

adopting the expert role

96
Q

In Garvey’s text, Meredith Green’s account of being served ahead of an Indigenous Australian man in a bottle shop is presented as an example of:

Answers:	a. 
Prompt service
	b. 
life in multicultural Australia
	c. 
White privilege
	d. 
racism
A

White privilege

97
Q

Practices such as the forcible removal of Aboriginal Australian children from their families (the ‘Stolen Generations’) are intended to produce …… but are most likely to produce ….. of the acculturation orientations using Berry’s model.

	Answers:	a. 
separation; integration
	b. 
integration; separation
	c. 
assimilation; marginalisation
	d. 
assimilation; integration
A

assimilation; marginalisation

98
Q

Etics

A

universal psychological processes

99
Q

Emics

A

Culture-specific psychological processes

100
Q

Define Culture

A

Unique meaning & information system, shared by a group across generations to meet survival needs, pursue happiness and meaning in life. Beliefs and practices of group.

101
Q

Define Society

A

structure of relationships between people

102
Q

Individualism

A

Independent construal of self

103
Q

Collectivism

A

interdependent, in-groups look after each other

104
Q

Power distance

A

cultures that allow less powerful members to accept power, distributing power

105
Q

Religion

A

Organised system of beliefs

106
Q

Concept of Self

A

part of ones worldviews, how one sees oneself in relation to rest of the world, culture

107
Q

Independent & Interdependent

A

Exist simultaneously in person

108
Q

Terror management theory

A

We know we’re dying, fearing this we create psychological phenomena as a buffer

109
Q

National Character

A

perception that culture has an average personality type

110
Q

Is the Five factor Model Universal? Which studies?

A 
not enough evidence
OCEAN, 
Mcrae
NEO personality inventory NEO PIR
Extraversion & Neuroticism most important
111
Q

Sex

A

Biological differences, reproductive system

112
Q

Sex roles

A

Behaviours and patterns engaged in based on sex

113
Q

Sexual identity

A

Awareness/recognition of sex & sex roles

114
Q

Gender roles

A

adopting gender specific behaviour given by culture

115
Q

Gender stereotype

A

Psychological or behavioural characteristics associated with men/women

116
Q

Biosocial Model

A

Biological differences crossover with environment to produce culture specific sex roles through adapting to environment.

117
Q

Androgyny

A

Gender identity of both male and female characteristics

118
Q

Attention
Perception
Cognition

A

Focusing in our environment
Perceiving the world, culturally different perceptions
Thinking / Categorising / Problem solving

119
Q

Holistic Perception

Analytical Perception

A

context dependent, relationship between objects and their contexts

Context-independent, focus on object not background

120
Q

Blind spot

Microsaccades

A

optic nerve to brain causing lack of sensory cells i.e. gaps in vision

Micro eye movements to fill in gaps in vision

121
Q

Carpentered world theory

A

people used to seeing rectangular objects, square corners.

122
Q

Front-horizontal foreshortening theory

A

vertical lines extend into the distance (interpret as horizontal)

123
Q

3D in two

A

Western look on paper interpret 3D

124
Q

Hindsight bias

A

Adjust memory once finding out truth

125
Q

Serial Position effect

A

Remember first/last object in series

126
Q

episodic memory

A

specific events remembering time/place

127
Q

dialectical thinking

A

tendency accept contradictions in thoughts/beliefs

128
Q

Social Orientation hypothesis

A

differences in individualism and collectivism associated with differences in social orientation patterns affecting their thoughts/attending to worlds

129
Q

biomedical model

A

disease comes from specific cause, pathogen.

130
Q

pathogen

A

infection agent such as virus

131
Q

Biopsychosocial mdoel

A

disease results from biological, psychological and social factors

132
Q

holistic

A

interconnection between health and environment/relationships/spiritual world

133
Q

enculturation

acculturation

A

learning culture

adopting different cultural system

134
Q

How does culture influence health and disease processes?

A 
Genetics
Lifestyle/behaviour
Attitudes & beliefs
Health care
Environment
135
Q

Cultural relativism

A

psychological disorders need to be understood in cultural framework

136
Q

Hofstede 4 dimensions of cultural differences

A

Power Distance Index (degree to which inequality exists)

Individualism VS Collectivism

Masculinity Vs Femininity

Uncertainty Avoidance Index (dealing with uncertainty/anxiety)

Cultural Psychology Quizzes (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions