QUIZZ 4

Question 1

The planning director of a small city is worried about gentrification in a historically diverse neighborhood where property values are rising quickly, displacing many of the long-term residents. Which of the following would be the least effective method of addressing gentrification?

a.
Encourage equitable development.

b.
Conduct a social impact assessment.

c.
Take a comprehensive approach to mitigation.

d.
Distribute parks more evenly throughout the city

Answer 1

While the equitable distribution of parks is important, it is a better method for addressing the effects of environmental racism than the effects of gentrification. Taking a comprehensive approach to mitigation by conducting a social impact assessment and encouraging equitable development are best suited to addressing gentrification in the neighborhood.

The correct answer is:
Distribute parks more evenly throughout the city

Question 2

Which statement is not true regarding the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)?
Select one:

a.
There is no significant parallel between the ADA and the Civil Rights Act.

b.
It is a civil rights law providing similar protections against discrimination to Americans with disabilities as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 did for race.

c.
It prohibits disability discrimination in all public housing.

d.
ADA disabilities include both mental and physical medical conditions.

Answer 2

The ADA, passed in 1990, requires that facilities must be accessible to the public, including public housing. It is a civil rights law in that it provides similar protections against discrimination to Americans with disabilities (both mental and physical) as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 did for persons on the basis of race, religion, sex, national origin, and other characteristics. But unlike the Civil Rights Act, the ADA also requires covered employers to provide reasonable accommodations to employees with disabilities.

The correct answer is: There is no significant parallel between the ADA and the Civil Rights Act.

Question 3

What percentage of U.S. citizens do not have access to broadband at home?

a.
The SEC does not track this information

b.
About 25%

c.
40%

d.
Less than 5%

Answer 3

About a quarter of adults do not have access to broadband at home, which can prevent citizens from learning about or participating in the planning process.

The correct answer is:
About 25%

Question 4

Clarence Perry’s Neighborhood Unit Concept proposes an ideal neighborhood that creates walkability and access. Which of the following best describes the size of the neighborhood unit?
Select one:

a.
15,000 - 20,000 residents

b.
10,000 - 15,000 residents

c.
2,500 - 5,000 residents

d.
5,000 - 9,000 residents

Answer 4

Clarence Perry’s Neighborhood Unit concept identifies 5,000-9,000 residents with a density of ten units per acre, a school at the center, and buildings around the edges for shopping.

The correct answer is: 5,000 - 9,000 residents

Question 5

The city of Plannersville has recently completed the city’s comprehensive plan. What is the typical planning time period the comprehensive plan is likely to cover?
Select one:

a.
50 years

b.
ten years

c.
five years

d.
20 years

Answer 5

Twenty years is the typical time period for a comprehensive plan to cover. The plan is to be long range in nature (covering more than five years), however not so long that immense change is likely to occur.

The correct answer is: 20 years
A CIP is 5 years
A CIP Budget is 1 year

Question 6

How does the Concentric Zone Theory differ from the other theories of urban development?
Select one:

a.
The use of “invasion-succession” in describing dynamics

b.
Land uses are based on the surrounding land values

c.
Concentric zones are nodes of activity

d.
Concentric zones were formed along major transportation lines

Answer 6

The correct answer is invasion and succession. Concentric Circle theory, developed by Earnest Burgess in 1925, finds that growth happens by land uses expanding outward from one area to another. For example, downtown office towers expanding into a warehouse district.

The correct answer is: The use of “invasion-succession” in describing dynamics

Question 7

The city of Plannersville is a growing city of 5,000 people. You have just been hired as the Director of Economic Development. Your first task is to develop an economic development strategy. Below is a list of suggestions you have received from your Economic Development Task Force. Which of the following would be the most successful strategy?
Select one:

a.
Attract a major employer with more than 1,000 employees

b.
Development of a research park

c.
Attract small start-up biotechnology companies

d.
Work with existing businesses to expand

Answer 7

Existing businesses have a commitment and ties to the community. The other suggestions are unlikely to be successful because of the high cost (developing a research park), inappropriate scale (attract a major employer with more than 1,000 employees) or likely do not build on an existing business base (attract small start-up biotech companies).]

The correct answer is: Work with existing businesses to expand

Question 8

The U.S. Department of Transportation requires consideration of environmental justice issues during the preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement. What might this entail?

I. Identification of minority or low-income populations
II. Ensuring an inclusive public participation process
III. Numeric analysis of public health data
IV. Alternatives and Mitigation
Select one:

a.
I, II and III only

b.
I and III only

c.
II and IV only

d.
I, II, III and IV

Answer 8

Under the U.S. Department of Transportation’s process, consideration of environmental justice issues must be considered during preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). General principles required as part of the EIS analysis are: Identification of Minority or Low-Income Populations, Public Participation, Numeric Analysis (that agencies should consider relevant demographic, public health and industry data), and Alternatives and Mitigation.

The correct answer is: I, II, III and IV

Question 9

Which of the following is not a foundational environmental justice policy measure?

a.
collaborative hyperlocal problem solving

b.
deferring to local, indigenous planning knowledge

c.
pursuing private-public partnerships (PPPs)

d.
pro-bono planning solutions

Answer 9

While private-public partnerships can be part of justice-oriented planning, PPPs are not inherently beneficial to underserved communities experiencing environmental justice issues. The four recommended environmental justice policies are as follows: encourage triple bottom-line outcomes; give deference to local knowledge; encourage collaborative problem-solving; organize and support pro-bono planning efforts.

The correct answer is:
pursuing private-public partnerships (PPPs)

Question 10

A planner is made aware that a coworker inappropriately disclosed information that was not public to a developer. Which of the following actions should she pursue?

a.
Discuss the problem with the Human Resources Director

b.
Discuss the problem with her Planning Director

c.
Confront the planner directly about this issue.

d.
Report the violation to the AICP Ethics Officer

Answer 10

The correct answer is discuss the problem with the Planning Director. The AICP Code of Ethics requires disclosure of public information, but in this situation it is best handled within the department. The AICP Code states “We shall not use to our personal advantage, nor that of a subsequent client or employer, information gained in a professional relationship that the client or employer has requested be held inviolate or that we should recognize as confidential because its disclosure could result in embarrassment or other detriment to the client or employer. Nor shall we disclose such confidential information except when (1) required by process of law, or (2) required to prevent a clear violation of law, or (3) required to prevent a substantial injury to the public. Disclosure pursuant to (2) and (3) shall not be made until after we have verified the facts and issues involved and, when practicable, exhausted efforts to obtain reconsideration of the matter and have sought separate opinions on the issue from other qualified professionals employed by our client or employer.” If the problem is not resolved internally, then it might be appropriate to report the problem to AICP.

The correct answer is:
Discuss the problem with her Planning Director

Question 11

One of your employees was convicted of a serious crime and their AICP certification was revoked. After serving their sentence they will be rehired. You have asked that the employee pursue reinstatement of their AICP. Who may reinstate membership in AICP?
Select one:

a.
APA President

b.
AICP President

c.
Ethics Committee

d.
Ethics Officer

Answer 11

Ethics Committee. One must notify the Ethics Officer of any conviction of a serious crime. However, only the AICP Ethics Committee may reinstate an AICP Member, pursuant to the procedures in Section E of the AICP Code of Ethics.

The correct answer is: Ethics Committee

Question 12

As an AICP planner, you are passionate about social justice issues. You learn that the city is planning to recommend against the rezoning of a property for affordable housing. You know that if you share this information with a colleague at a non-profit housing advocacy organization then this colleague will rally and organize a letter writing campaign to the city council and plan to appear at the planning commission meeting. What should you do?
Select one:

a.
Inform the colleague that the city is considering a case.

b.
Inform the colleague of the recommendation in the case.

c.
Do not contact the colleague.

d.
Inform your supervisor that you think it is inappropriate to recommend against affordable housing.

Answer 12

The AICP Code of Ethics states “We shall not use to our personal advantage, nor that of a subsequent client or employer, information gained in a professional relationship that the client or employer has requested be held inviolate or that we should recognize as confidential because its disclosure could result in embarrassment or other detriment to the client or employer.” It would be inappropriate to share the recommendation as it is not yet public information. In this case, you do not have information on why the city might recommend against affordable housing, so D may not be the best option. It would be okay to let interested parties know that there is a matter before the city which may be of interest.

The correct answer is: Inform the colleague that the city is considering a case.

Question 13

Which of these is NOT an evaluation design option for assessing the effectiveness and lessons learned from community engagement?

a.
Ripple Effect Mapping (REM)

b.
Impact

c.
Process

d.
Outcome

Answer 13

REM is a method used in evaluation, not a form of evaluation design.

The correct answer is:
Ripple Effect Mapping (REM)

Question 14

While much of urban planning has remained gender-blind, these key differences between genders are relevant to planning:

i. Women have different uses of transportation than men
ii. Women have different safety needs than men
iii. There are more women over the age of 65 than men
iv. Single men-headed households are becoming increasingly common

a.
I, II, and III

b.
All of these are correct.

c.
I and II

d.
II and III

Answer 14

Single woman-headed households are still much more common than single man-headed households.

The correct answer is:
I, II, and III

Question 15

What is the name of the generation of children born to baby boomers between 1980 and 1995?
Select one:

a.
Generation X

b.
Generation Z

c.
Generation Y

d.
Baby boomers

Answer 15

Generation Y, also known as Millennials, are the demographic cohort between Generation X and Generation Z. Generation Y is generally understood to have been born between 1980 and 1995.

The correct answer is: Generation Y

Question 16

Which of the following is not an example of a growth management program?
Select one:

a.
Urban growth boundary

b.
Subdivision regulations

c.
Regional tax sharing

d.
Development impact fees

Answer 16

Subdivision regulations primary purpose is for recording land and ensuring the health and safety of residents. While it can be a tool as part of growth management, it is not in and of itself a growth management tool.

The correct answer is: Subdivision regulations

Question 17

The state’s Department of Development is charged with creating an educational campaign centered around healthy living. Which of the following are elements of healthy living?
I. Walking and cycling as alternative transportation
II. Interactions with neighbors
III. Children engaging in active recreation outside
IV. Smaller houses
Select one:

a.
I and II only

b.
I and IV only

c.
I, II, and III only

d.
I, II, and IV only

Answer 17

Healthy living is not depend on house size. The following are elements of healthy living:

I. Walking and cycling as alternative transportation
II. Interact with neighbors
III. Children engaging in active recreation outside
The correct answer is: I, II, and III only

Question 18

In order to improve sample reliability, which of the following should you do?
Select one:

a.
Increase the sample size

b.
Decrease the sample size

c.
Repeat the test

d.
Use a homogeneous population

Answer 18

A large sample size improves sample reliability because there are more observations, and thus a better chance of discovering the full heterogeneity of the population.

The correct answer is: Increase the sample size

Question 19

ou are drafting a sustainable energy policy for the county. Which of the following would have the highest albedo?
Select one:

a.
Snow

b.
White roof

c.
Asphalt

d.
Shingled Roof

Answer 19

Snow would have the highest albedo. Albedo is the portion of solar energy reflected from the Earth back into space, measuring the reflectivity of the earth’s surface. Ice and snow has a high albedo with most of the sunlight hitting the surface bounces back toward space.

The correct answer is: Snow

Question 20

According to Aristotle, who is considered the pioneer of urban planning because of his plan for a city of 50,000 that addressed administrative structure, social structure, and land subdivision?
Select one:

a.
Thales of Miletus

b.
Pythagoras

c.
Xenophanes of Ionia

d.
Hippodamus of Miletus

Answer 20

Hippodamus of Miletus was an ancient Greek urban planner who created grid plans for cities during the 5th century BC. His plans focused on creating order that both physically and socially ordered the city.

The correct answer is: Hippodamus of Miletus

Question 21

Which of the following is the least important element of a historic preservation program?
Select one:

a.
Zoning regulations

b.
Design guidelines for historic building renovations

c.
Educational materials for historic building owners

d.
Tax incentives to encourage renovation

Answer 21

Of these choices, zoning regulations are the least important in a historic preservation program.

The correct answer is: Zoning regulations

Question 22

Which of these is NOT required for impact evaluation of community engagement?

a.
Creation of a visual map

b.
Random assignment of participants

c.
Use of an intervention group

d.
Use of a control group

Answer 22

The creation of a visual map is a part of ripple effect mapping (REM) which asks participants to create a visual map of direct or indirect impacts of community engagement over time. Impact evaluation, in seeking a causal explanation for community change, requires more precise measurement using the random assignment of participants and the use of intervention and control groups.

The correct answer is:
Creation of a visual map

Question 23

You work for a large city with 100 people on your staff, split across code enforcement, development, long-range planning, environmental compliance, and neighborhood relations. You have been asked to reorganize the department, which approach would be most appropriate?
Select one:

a.
Horizontal

b.
Hybrid

c.
Matrix

d.
Vertical

Answer 23

A vertical organization works best where there are large and functionally complex organizations. In this case, there could be divisions based on function with a chain of command leading from the divisions to the director.

The correct answer is: Vertical

Question 24

Who is associated with the “City as a Growth Machine” Theory?
Select one:

a.
Logan and Molotch

b.
Arendt

c.
Calthorpe

d.
Duany

Answer 24

Logan and Molotch are associated with the City as Growth Machine Theory.

The correct answer is: Logan and Molotch

Question 25

Which of the following are true statements about the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit program?

I. It encourages private equity for developing affordable housing
II. It guarantees tax credits for owners with an AMI below the median
III. Tax credits can be transferred to public agencies who can use the credits to guarantee home mortgages
IV. It can only be used in qualifying areas determined by each jurisdiction
Select one:

a.
II only

b.
I and III only

c.
I and IV only

d.
II and IV only

Answer 25

The federal government’s Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program encourages the investment of private equity for developing affordable rental housing for low-income and very low-income households. It does this by awarding tax credits to taxpayers who invest in multifamily rental housing that serves these low-income households.

The correct answer is: I and IV only

Question 26

Which planned community built in 1923 foreshadowed the New Urbanism movement?
Select one:

a.
Radburn, New Jersey

b.
Seattle, Washington

c.
Mariemont, Ohio

d.
Austin, Texas

Answer 26

Mariemont is a planned community in Hamilton County, Ohio, founded in the 1920s by Mary Emery.

The correct answer is: Mariemont, Ohio

Question 27

You are leading a visioning process early on in the planning process to encourage citizen involvement and you want to encourage everyone in the community to participate. To have a highly successful visioning process which of the following is critical?
Select one:

a.
Surveys people can complete

b.
Media involvement

c.
Child care for participants

d.
Staff buy-in

Answer 27

Media involvement will be critical for getting the word out and encouraging inclusive participation. While the other factors are important and should be part of a public engagement process, media attention is the most critical factor to encourage participation and publicize the ongoing effort, according to “Local Planning: Contemporary Principles and Practices.”

The correct answer is: Media involvement

Question 28

A church located in a residential neighborhood is requesting a special use permit to allow a second building on the site for a daycare center. The neighborhood is strongly opposed to the additional building. Rather than proceed through the normal permit process, given the strained relationship between the church and the neighborhood, the Zoning Board of Adjustment suggests that the parties use:
Select one:

a.
Consensus

b.
Negotiation

c.
Arbitration

d.
Mediation

Answer 28

Mediation can occur with city staff or with an outside party. Mediation allows each party to share their perspective on the issues. For example, determining changes needed to make the proposal acceptable to both parties, such as operational practices, such as providing advance notice of events at the church. Following mediation the application would go through the normal hearing process. The November 2011 issue of Planning magazine highlights “The Zoning Dispute Whisperer: Adding Mediation to the Planner’s Toolkit.”

The correct answer is: Mediation

Question 29

This Appalachian Regional Commission covers 420 counties and eight cities. This is an example of which of the following spatial areas of practice?
Select one:

a.
Regional

b.
National

c.
State

d.
Multi-State

Answer 29

This multi-state commission covers West Virginia, Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. This is a planning, research, advocacy, and funding organization.

The correct answer is: Multi-State

Question 30

Which level of government would be most likely to plan for a sustainable multimodal freight system?
Select one:

a.
Regional

b.
Neighborhood

c.
State

d.
Local

Answer 30

Multimodal freight planning typically happens at a national and state level, focusing on supporting adequate, convenient and safe access for goods movement. According to the APA Surface Transportation Policy Guide, freight planning should seek to facilitate good movement while addressing potential negative impacts.

The correct answer is: State

Question 31

As the Community Development Planner for a major city, you are charged with overseeing the city’s housing programs. One of the most important programs for you has been the HOME program. Which act created the HOME program?
Select one:

a.
Stewart McKinney Act (1987)

b.
Low Income Housing Tax Credit (1986)

c.
Fair Housing Amendments (1988)

d.
Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act (1990)

Answer 31

The Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act (1990) created the HOME program. The HOME program provides block grants to local governments to increase the supply of affordable housing. The funds can be used to provide down payment assistance, construct or renovate affordable housing, acquire sites for affordable housing development, and support Community Housing Development Organizations in providing affordable housing.

The correct answer is: Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act (1990)

Question 32

You are a planner working for a regional agency. One of the committees that you have been asked to staff is a newly formed environmental task force. Members of this committee have asked you to clarify whether the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 requires local communities to submit environmental reviews of private subdivision development. You advise them that:
Select one:

A.
NEPA requires state and local governments to conform to set environmental standards

B.
NEPA requires the public and private sectors to conform to certain environmental standards but only if it involves federal funding, work performed by the federal government, or permits issued by a federal agency

C.
NEPA established the Environmental Protection Agency, which is responsible for overseeing subdivision compliance

D.
NEPA requires the public sector at any level to enforce penalties on the private sector for violations of NEPA

Answer 32

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) is America’s national charter for protection of the environment. It establishes policy, sets goals (section 101), and provides means (section 102) for carrying out policy pertaining to federal actions, funding, and permitting. It was signed into law on January 1, 1970. The EPA is an independent agency of the federal government that has the responsibility of maintaining and enforcing national standards under a variety of environmental laws, but overseeing subdivisions is not in their domain.

The correct answer is: NEPA requires the public and private sectors to conform to certain environmental standards but only if it involves federal funding, work performed by the federal government, or permits issued by a federal agency

Question 33

Which of the following is true of neighborhood organizations?
Select one:

a.
Organized neighborhood organizations can accurately represent the neighborhood.

b.
Neighborhood organizations are voluntary and typically focus on issues impacting the neighborhood.

c.
Working with neighborhood organizations can be an effective way to encourage citizen participation.

d.
All of the answers are correct.

Answer 33

All of the answers are correct—planners typically work with neighborhood organizations of various kinds to increase citizen participation. Whether the neighborhood organization has elected leaders and decision-making power varies widely. Even without elected members or decision-making authority, neighborhood organizations can wield significant political power.

The correct answer is: All of the answers are correct.

Question 34

The City Manager has approached you to assist the Library Department in the creation of a new library master plan. The master plan calls for the construction of one new library in the next five years to meet demand based on growth in the southwest quadrant of the city. Which of the following should you consider in determining the appropriate size of a new library?

I. The size of the property
II. The projected population of the service area at the time of build-out
III. The inventory of materials to be available for use by library patrons
IV. Traffic circulation patterns in and around the site
Select one:

a.
I only

b.
I and II only

c.
I, II, and III only

d.
I, II, III, and IV only

Answer 34

The correct answer is I, II, and III only. Traffic circulation would not be a factor in determining the size of the library. Circulation would be considered in determining the siting of the library.

The correct answer is: I, II, and III only

Question 35

With regard to takings, the U.S. Supreme Court has said that where a regulation is intended merely to prevent a[n] ____________, it should not be considered a taking.
Select one:

a.
Impact fee

b.
Nuisance

c.
Rational nexus

d.
Fiscal impact

Answer 35

The Supreme Court has said that where a regulation is intended merely to prevent a nuisance, it should not be considered a taking. In Euclid v. Ambler, for example, the Court found that as long as the community believed that there was a threat of a nuisance, the zoning ordinance should be upheld.

The correct answer is: Nuisance

Question 36

Which was a key concept of the 1916 New York City Zoning Ordinance?
Select one:

a.
Uses allowed in zoning districts were “cumulative”

b.
Established setback requirements

c.
The city’s water supply would be protected

d.
Established height requirements

Answer 36

The correct answer is that the ordinance established setbacks at specific heights, but did not establish height limitations.

The correct answer is: Established setback requirements

Question 37

The 1909 Plan of Chicago was revolutionary in planning history for many reasons. Which of the following reasons is not associated with the plan’s significance?

I. The plan was implemented, maintained, and expanded upon for 50 years.
II. The plan was initiated and paid for by private business owners
III. The plan addressed areas outside the central city.
IV. Citizens of the city were educated about the plan.
Select one:

a.
I only

b.
II and III only

c.
III and IV only

d.
I, II, III and IV

Answer 37

The plan was not fully implemented, and later plans replaced the Plan for Chicago.

The correct answer is: I only

Question 38

Planning for equity is best defined as…

a.
focusing on maintenance of diverse communities and community needs rather than development goals.

b.
aiming to redistribute wealth and resources across community boundaries.

c.
working toward just and fair inclusion into a society in which all can participate, prosper, and reach their full potential.

d.
donating time to communities who have historically experienced disproportionate negative impacts of planning practice.

Answer 38

The APA defines equity as “just and fair inclusion into a society in which all can participate, prosper, and reach their full potential. Unlocking the promise of the nation by unleashing the promise in us all.”

The correct answer is:
working toward just and fair inclusion into a society in which all can participate, prosper, and reach their full potential.

Question 39

The idea of “Plural Planning” is associated with which planning theory?
Select one:

a.
Communicative

b.
Mixed Scanning

c.
Advocacy

d.
Incrementalism

Answer 39

The idea of Plural Planning is associated with advocacy planning theory.

The correct answer is: Advocacy

Question 40

A poll was conducted to determine what percentage of the registered voters favored that the current mayor of a large city run for a second term. The results: 52% of registered voters polled were in favor of the second term, with a margin or error of 0.04. What does this mean?
Select one:

a.
The estimated percentage of 52% is sure to be within 4% of the true percentage favoring the mayor’s run for a second term.

b.
There is only a 4% chance that 52% of the registered voters do not favor the mayor running for a second term.

c.
With 96% confidence, the estimated percentage of 52% is equal to the true percentage favoring the mayor’s run for a second term.

d.
With 95% confidence, the estimated percentage of 52% is within 4% of the true percentage favoring the mayor’s run for a second term.

Answer 40

The margin of error is a statistic about the amount of random sampling error in a survey. The larger the margin of error, the less confident one can be that the poll reported results are close to the truth for the whole population. The margin of error is reported as a confidence interval radius and this is converted to percentage points, in this case 4%.

A 95% confidence interval is a standard statistical rule-of-thumb that comes from the assumption of a normal distribution. For a normal distribution, 95% of the values are around the true mean +/- 2 standard deviations.

For the survey, the result of 52% is seen as an estimate of the true mean. But using the concept of a “confidence interval” we can give a value to how likely it is that the true mean is within +/- 2 standard deviations from the estimated mean. The margin of error of 0.04 corresponds to two standard deviations (not specified in the test question, but typically assumed). So, the answer is, we can be 95% confident that the true percentage is between 48% and 56%, i.e., within 4% from the estimate.

The 96% (as 100-4) is actually irrelevant in this context (there to throw you off), since there is no relation between 96% and the standard deviations.
The correct answer is: With 95% confidence, the estimated percentage of 52% is within 4% of the true percentage favoring the mayor’s run for a second term.

Question 41

The population of Plannersville is increasing at a rate of 12% per year. Calculate the amount of time it will take for this population to double?
Select one:

a.
5 years

b.
3 years

c.
6 years

d.
10 years

Answer 41

The formula is as follows, with y(t) as the population at time t, and y(0) as the starting population:

y(t) = y(0) e^rt (that is the number e or ~ 2.718 to the power of the growth rate - as a fraction - and the number of years)

Since the population at time t is double the initial population, y(t) = 2 y(0). A little algebra yields: 2 y(0) = y(0) e^rt, or 2 = e^rt, We know r (0.12) and need to find t. By taking the natural logarithm on both sides of the equal sign, we get ln(2) = rt, so that t = ln(2) / r ln(2) = 0.693, thus t = 0.693 / 0.12 = 5.775 ~ 6

There is also a so-called rule of 70 (an approximation), which gives the doubling time as the ratio of 70 and the percentage growth rate (as a percentage, not a fraction): rule of 70: divide 70 by the percentage growth rate 70/12 = 5.8 ~ 6
The correct answer is: 6 years

Question 42

The Planning Director undertakes a revision to the city’s comprehensive plan. As a first step, the director sets up a meeting with the Planning Commission and the City Council in executive session before inviting the public to participate in the process. After hearing about the planned meeting, the City Attorney informs the Planning Director that an executive session meeting would be a violation of state law. Which of the following is the reason for the attorney’s statement?

Select one:

a.
Procedural due process

b.
Freedom of speech

c.
Equal protection

d.
Substantive due process

Answer 42

Procedural due process. Procedural due process is covered under the 14tg Amendment and provides protection against unfair process where an individual’s life, liberty, or property is concerned. States require open meetings to provide the opportunity for the public to be informed.

The correct answer is: Procedural due process

Question 43

You have received a development application that requires a variance for an upscale apartment complex in a neighborhood experiencing gentrification. The proposed development would require the demolition of an existing Section 8 housing complex, and existing residents would be displaced. The required hearing before the Board of Zoning Adjustment has been placed in a newspaper with wide circulation. What additional actions would be most effective to engage the public.

I. Post information about the application on the planning department website
II. Notify neighborhood leaders
II. Post a sign at the current apartment complex
III. Contact a reporter about the development application

Select one:

a.
I only

b.
I and II only

c.
II and III only

d.
I, II, III, and IV

Answer 43

The most effective way to notify area residents is through posting a sign at the complex, as residents would be aware of the development proposal and through notifying neighborhood leaders.

An important term here is “most effective.” The set-up is all about the potential negative impact on a very specific group of residents, so “most effective” is going to be an approach that targets that group specifically. Notifying neighborhood leaders and posting a sign directly in the complex would be very targeted and effective approaches.

The fact that the question specifically states that a newspaper publication “with wide circulation” is already involved is a signal that further media involvement would not be considered “most effective.” And, of course, posting on the planning website would be particularly ineffective. While information about the application would be helpful, residents are unlikely to visit the website on their own. The website would be a place for secondary information that people can visit after learning about it from the sign or neighborhood leader.
The correct answer is: II and III only

Question 44

You are responsible for leading a comprehensive planning process. To kick off the comprehensive plan you organized a series of six public meetings across the city. Only three people attended the first one. You quickly pull together your planning team to assess what you can do before the next meeting scheduled for two weeks away to ensure that you have better turn out. Which of the following tactics would you agree to?

Select one:

a.
Organize an alternative for participation that would allow people who cannot attend the meeting to contribute nonetheless.

b.
Deploy an eye-catching flyer to be posted in public places and ask other groups to publicize the meeting announcement

c.
Make sure there is a clear agenda focused on the purpose, discussion topics, speakers etc.

d.
Make sure the opening statement at the meeting is inspirational

Answer 44

The flyer and publicity are tactics that would publicize the next meeting. The other answers are important for ensuring a positive experience for participants that attend, but will not influence people actually coming to the kick-off meeting (but could influence their decision to participate further).

The correct answer is: Deploy an eye-catching flyer to be posted in public places and ask other groups to publicize the meeting announcement

Question 45

Which of the following is most likely NOT considered a quasi-judicial process?
Select one:

a.
Adoption of a comprehensive revision to the zoning ordinance

b.
Consideration of a variance request

c.
Amendment of the Master Plan

d.
Consideration of a conditional use permit

Answer 45

The best answer is: Adoption of a comprehensive revision to the zoning ordinance, as it is clearly a legislative action by the governing board; the others are usually quasi-judicial functions, with the caveat that a master plan amendment can be considered legislative in some states.

The correct answer is: Adoption of a comprehensive revision to the zoning ordinance

Question 46

The local religious community has united to support refugees relocating from Sudan to the region. This has resulted in a small but significant new minority population arriving into the community. As the planning department, what responsibility do you have to be responsive to the needs of these new community members.
Select one:

a.
Provide notices of public meetings in multiple languages

b.
Bring a translator to public meetings

c.
Meet with local community leaders to understand the needs of the population

d.
Begin learning basic Arabic to allow you to introduce yourself to the community

Answer 46

The best way to understand how the planning department can support this new group in the community is to reach out to community leaders to understand their needs.

The correct answer is: Meet with local community leaders to understand the needs of the population

Question 47

General Motors has announced that it will be closing a plant in your town, laying off 600 workers. The mayor is in a panic and wants to know what this will mean to the local economy. You have been asked to calculate an employment multiplier to estimate the total job loss for your community. Which of the following sources would you use?

Select one:

a.
North American Industry Classification System

b.
Regional input-output modeling system

c.
Shift-share analysis

d.
Location quotient

Answer 47

The Regional input-output modeling system provided by the Bureau of Economic Analysis provides employment multipliers based on the North American Industrial Classification System which can be used to calculate a location quotient. A shift share analysis provides information on the region’s share of employment in an industry compared to the national share, which is not what the Mayor is looking for.

The correct answer is: Regional input-output modeling system

Question 48

You are preparing a parks and recreation plan for your city, which is completely built out and has a finite amount of park land. You are currently conducting a needs assessment. Based on the park land constraints, which of the following approaches would be best?
Select one:

a.
Resource Approach

b.
Activity Approach

c.
Economic Approach

d.
Behavioral Approach

Answer 48

A resource approach would be best. A needs assessment is a process for determining needs, between current conditions and desired conditions. In the case of parks, a resource approach might be best in documenting the park land resources available and comparing this to appropriate benchmarks and national standards.

The correct answer is: Resource Approach

Question 49

Which of the following was true of Saul Alinsky?
Select one:

a.
Involved in equity planning in Cleveland

b.
Involved in gay rights in San Francisco

c.
A community organizer in Chicago

d.
Involved in redevelopment in New York City

Answer 49

Saul Alinsky was a community organizer in Chicago.

The correct answer is: A community organizer in Chicago

Question 50

The School District is preparing a facilities plan that could result in the renovation of ten schools in the district. You want to make sure that many parents are actively engaged in the planning process. You have a $5,000 budget to cover meetings at each of the ten schools. Which of the following is least important for your engagement strategy?
I. Entertainment for children
II. Light food and beverages
III. Babysitters for young children
IV. A cash bar for adults
Select one:

a.
I

b.
II

c.
IV

d.
III

Answer 50

The cost of entertainment, light food, and babysitters could be contained to $500 per meeting, allowing each school to have a successful meeting. Of course, alcohol should not be served at public meetings.

The correct answer is: IV

Question 51

Which of the following elements is NOT a common part of determining a proposal for a site plan?
Select one:

a.
Discuss relevant precedents with the client(s).

b.
Prepare a financial pro forma, or forecast of the eventual financial balance sheet of the project.

c.
Conducting a market analysis to determine current demand for specific types of spaces.

d.
Deciding on specific materials to use in construction.

Answer 51

Materials for construction are not included at the site planning stage.

The correct answer is: Deciding on specific materials to use in construction.

Question 52

As the planner for a former industrial city, you have watched the population decline over the last 30 years. The Mayor has asked for a plan that will embrace the population decline rather than be concerned with trying to grow the city. You have envisioned the city as one with more green space, reduced infrastructure, and revitalization of underutilized sites. What phrase best describes the city’s plan?
Select one:

a.
Planned shrinkage

b.
Triage

c.
Smart Decline

d.
Rehabilitation

Answer 52

The simple phrase “Smart Decline” best describes the city’s plan. Smart decline is a strategy that can be used in shrinking cities to plan for decline.

The correct answer is: Smart Decline

Question 53

What statement defines spatial justice as it relates to social justice:

a.
People need to be able to realize their potential in the communities in which they live.

b.
How our cities are organized has a significant bearing on whether people have access to what they need.

c.
Zoning should consider factors of gender, race, and class.

d.
People should have the ability to live anywhere in a city.

Answer 53

Spatial justice is linked to the concept of social justice; while the goal of social justice is people being able to realize their potential in the communities they live in, the interest of spatial justice is how where people live affects their access to resources. The ability to live anywhere in a city or equitable zoning practices are certainly important, but they do not define spatial justice.

The correct answer is:
How our cities are organized has a significant bearing on whether people have access to what they need.

Question 54

Which of the following is least likely to decrease the chances of increased stormwater runoff?
I. Installing rain gardens near paved roadways
II. Passing a permeable parking ordinance
III. Increasing the minimum parking requirement for retail
IV. Allowing for increased lot coverage in residential districts

Select one:

a.
I only

b.
I and II

c.
I, III, and IV

d.
III and IV

Answer 54

This question is purposely written with confusing words such as least likely, decrease, and increase to encourage you to pay attention as a key AICP exam strategy. In this case, you are looking for the answer of items that would result in increased stormwater runoff, including increasing minimum parking and additional lot coverage.

The correct answer is: III and IV

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT true of the Superfund?

I. A state program
II. A federal program
III. Requires a polluter to pay for site cleanup
IV. Holds the current property owner liable for site contamination
Select one:

a.
II

b.
III

c.
IV

d.
I only

Answer 55

According to the EPA, “EPA’s Superfund program is responsible for cleaning up some of the nation’s most contaminated land and responding to environmental emergencies, oil spills and natural disasters. To protect public health and the environment, the Superfund program focuses on making a visible and lasting difference in communities, ensuring that people can live and work in healthy, vibrant places.” The program holds the current property owner liable for site contamination and requires the polluter to help pay for site cleanup.

The correct answer is: I only

Question 56

The Mayor’s Office has requested that you conduct a citizen survey to determine satisfaction with city services. You are evaluating whether to use a mail or phone survey. Thinking about telephone surveys, which of the following is the most important negative of using telephone surveys?
Select one:

a.
They are expensive

b.
They may not reach a representative sample

c.
They are time consuming

d.
It may be difficult to find people to conduct the survey

Answer 56

Explanation: Telephone surveys can result in an unrepresentative sample. This is due to a number of factors including the lack of a home telephone (for example cell phone only or no phone at all), the use of caller ID to screen calls, unlisted phone numbers, and no one home at the time of the call. Labor, expense, and time are all factors, but the best choice is an unrepresentative sample.

The correct answer is: They may not reach a representative sample

Question 57

You are the consultant writing the city’s SmartCode. You are preparing a presentation to the planning commission describing the new code for recommended adoption. Which of the following is best to include:
Select one:

a.
The historical evolution of the concepts of transects

b.
A description of the continuum of transect zones from rural to urban

c.
A description of the connection between natural and human habitat

d.
An explanation of Smart Growth, on which the Smart Code is based

Answer 57

The Smart Code is not based on “Smart Growth” except in a very conceptual way. In the SmartCode, there are six transect zones plus one special district. There are many adaptations of the basic SmartCode template, and locally calibrated codes can have more than six zones.

The correct answer is: A description of the continuum of transect zones from rural to urban

Question 58

Which of the following is used to project future economic activity?
Select one:

a.
Twelve leading indicators

b.
Interest rate

c.
Unemployment rate

d.
Stock market

Answer 58

The U.S. Department of Commerce uses an index of 12 leading indicators to measure the direction of the economy.These include interest rates, stock prices, oil prices, unemployment, housing starts, and consumer expectations.

The correct answer is: Twelve leading indicators

Question 59

Urban design is best described as including which of the following:
Select one:

a.
Access

b.
Aesthetics of buildings

c.
Transportation focused

d.
District focus

Answer 59

Urban design typically works at a district level. While aesthetics are part of urban design, the district focus is the most accurate.

The correct answer is: District focus

Question 60

You have calculated a measure of dispersion around the mean. This was calculated as the average of the sum of the squared deviations from the mean. This is the:
Select one:

a.
Mean

b.
Distribution

c.
Standard Deviation

d.
Variance

Answer 60

The variance is a numerical value used to indicate how widely individuals in a group vary.

The correct answer is: Variance

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT true about vested rights?
Select one:

a.
A nonconforming lot can be developed if the zoning changes after the creation of the lot.

b.
Once a building permit has been issued, there is a right to continue with the project regardless of changes in regulation.

c.
There is a vested right once a substantial financial investment has been made in the property.

d.
There is a vested right if a property has an existing zoning classification.

Answer 61

This question is asking which is NOT true. There is not a vested right if a property has an existing zoning classification.

The correct answer is: There is a vested right if a property has an existing zoning classification.