Quizlet final

Question 1

Buffy coat

Answer 1

A thin light colored layer of WBCs and platelets that lie between a top layer of plasma and RBCs in a centrifuged. Makes up less than 1% of the total volume of blood.

Question 2

Erythrocytes

Answer 2

RBCs that transport oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and deliver carbon dioxide from the body cells to the lungs.

Question 3

Hemopoiesis

Answer 3

Process where the formed elements of blood develop.
Before birth, this occurs in the yolk sac of an embryo and later in the liver spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
After birth and so on, red bone marrow is where this happens.

Question 4

Thrombopoietin

Answer 4

The hormone produced by the liver that stimulates the formation of platelets from megakaryocytic

Question 5

Neutrophils

Answer 5

A type of WBCs that engulfs invading microbes and contributes to the non specific defenses of the body against disease.

Question 6

What cells secrete lysozymes?

Answer 6

Paneth cells/neutrophils

Question 7

Intrinsic pathway

Answer 7

• Occurs slowly and most complex
• Activators are in direct contact with blood or contained within the blood
• If endothelial cells are roughened or damaged, blood comes in contact with collagen fibers in the connective tissue around endothelium of blood vessels.
• Activates clotting factor XII which begins sequence of reactions that then activate clotting factor x
• Clotting factor x then combines and form prothrombinase

Question 8

Prothrombinase

Answer 8

The intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood clotting are identical after formation of this to produce thrombin and then fibrinogen

Question 9

Extrinsic pathway

Answer 9

• Factors released by damaged tissues begin cascade, occurs rapidly if trauma is severe
• Thromboplastin leaks into blood from cells outside the blood vessels and initiates the formation of prothrombinase thromboplastin begins sequence of reactions that activate clotting factor x.
• Once factor x is activated, it combines with factor v in the presence of calcium to form prothrombinase

Question 10

Thrombus

Answer 10

A formation of blood clot in an unbroken vein

Question 11

Thrombosis

Answer 11

Clotting in an unbroken blood vessel

Question 12

Agglutinins

Answer 12

Antibodies in the plasma that bring about transfusion mismatch

Question 13

Agglutination

Answer 13

Clumping of RBCs in an incompatible blood transfusion, antibodies in the recipients plasma bind to the antigens on the antigens on the donated RBCs

Question 14

Tricuspid valve

Answer 14

Valve between the right atrium and the right ventricles which allows blood to pass from the right atrium to the right ventricle and prevemt blood from flowing back into the right atrium as the heart pumps

Question 15

Vena cava

Answer 15

The largest vein in the body, it carries blood from the body back to the heart

Question 16

Atrioventricular (AV) valve

Answer 16

Bicuspid valves: has two cusps which allow blood to pass from the left atrium into the left ventricle, prevents backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria during systole

Question 17

Semilunar valve

Answer 17

Acts to prevent backflow of blood from the arteries to the ventricles during ventricular diastole and help maintain pressure on the major arteries

Question 18

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 18

Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart; right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary circulation to the air sacs

Question 19

Pulmonary pathway

Answer 19

1. Right atrium with deoxygenated blood
2. Tricuspid valve
3. Right ventricle
4. Pulmonary valve
5. Pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries
6. Blood goes into pulmonary capillaries of the lung
7. Blood looses co2 and gains o2.

Question 20

Gap junctions

Answer 20

Allows muscle action potentials to conduct from one muscle fibers to its neighbours. Gap junctions allot the entire myocardium of the atria or the ventricles to contract as a single, coordinated unit

Question 21

Auto rhythmic fibers

Answer 21

A network of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that are self-excitable; generate action potentials that trigger heart contractions that will continue even after the heart has been removed from the body.

Question 22

Cardiac conduction system

Answer 22

A network of cardiac muscle fibers that provide path for each cycle of cardiac excitation; ensures that cardiac chambers become stimulated to contraction in a coordinated manner

Question 23

Systole

Answer 23

The phase of contraction

Question 24

ECG waves

Answer 24

Predicts the timing of atrial and ventricular systole and diastole

Question 25

Ventricular systole event

Answer 25

1. Cardiac action potential in SA node and propagates throughout the atrial muscle down to AV node, P wave appears in ECG
2. After P wave atria contracts, action potential slows at AV node
3. Action potential goes rapidly again after entering AV bundle, then goes through bundle branches, purkinje fibers, and ventricular myocardium. QRS complex
4. Contraction of ventricular contractile fibers begins after QRS complex. Blood is squeezed upward toward semilunar valves
5. Repolarization of ventricular contractile fibers begins and spread in myocardium and produces T wave
6. After T wave begins, ventricles relax, contractile fibers relax, and repolarization ends.

Question 26

T wave

Answer 26

In an ECG, this represents ventricular diastole which happens during ventricular repolarization

Question 27

Stroke volume

Answer 27

Volume of blood in mL from each ventricle due to the contraction of the heart muscle which compresses ventricles. mL/beat

Question 28

Cardiac output

Answer 28

The amount of blood the heart pumps through the circulatory system in a minute. mL/min