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Biology U5 & 6 > Chapter 21: The cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Chapter 21: The cardiovascular system Flashcards

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1
Q

What carries the blood AWAY from the heart?

A

Arteries

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2
Q

What carries the blood BACK to the heart?

A

Veins

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3
Q

What layer of the arterial wall responsible for vasoconstriction?

A

Tunica media

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4
Q

Which layer of the arterial wall is primarily composed of elastic and collagen fibers?

A

Tunica externa

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5
Q

When an artery or arteriole is damaged, its smooth muscle layer contracts producing what?

A

Vascular spasm

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6
Q

Elastic arteries function as?

A

Pressure reservoirs

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7
Q

In a resting individual, what vessels serve as a large blood reservoir from which blood can be quickly diverted to other vessels as needed?

A

Veins and venules

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8
Q

What type of blood vessel plays a key role in regulating blood flow into capillaries?

A

Arterioles

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9
Q

What structures are found in veins but NOT in arteries?

A

Valves

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10
Q

Capillaries are also referred to as?

A

Exchange vessels

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11
Q

What important method does capillary exchange use?

A

Diffusion

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12
Q

What structure is used to control the flow of blood through a capillary bed?

A

Precapillary sphincter

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13
Q

What type of tissues contains continuous capillaries?

A
  • Skeletal Musles
  • Smooth muscle
  • Connective tissue
    -Lungs
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14
Q

The alternate route of blood flow to a body part through an anastomosis is called what?

A

Collateral circulation

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15
Q

The largest driving force for pulling fluid from the interstitial spaces back into the capillaries is what?

A

Blood colloid osmotic pressure

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16
Q

The pressure driven movement of fluids and solutes from blood into interstitial fluid is what what?

A

Filtration

17
Q

The volume of blood that circulates through the systemic blood vessels per minute is called?

A

Cardiac output

18
Q

Cardiac output is dependant on both what?

A

Heart rate and stroke volume

19
Q

What doesn’t result in an increase in arterial blood pressure?

A

Increased arteriolar vasodilation

20
Q

What would NOT result in an increase in systemic vascular resistance?

A

Decreased length of the systemic circulatory route.

21
Q

What characteristic of blood depends mostly on the ratio if RBCs to plasma volume?

A

Blood viscosity

22
Q

What contributes to the cardiovascular system to other body system?

A
  • Blood delivers clotting factors and WBCs that aid in homeostasis when skin is damaged
  • Blood delivers calcium and phosphate ions that are needed for building bone extracellular matrix
  • Blood carries newly absorbed nutrients and water to the liver
  • Blood circulates cells and chemical that carry out immune functions
23
Q

Where is the cardiovascular centre located?

A

Medulla oblongata

24
Q

What aids in venous return of blood to the heart?

A
  • Skeletal muscle pump
  • The respiratory pump
  • Venoconstriction
  • Venous valves
25
Q

What is the response to the cardiovascular system to a decreased frequency of action potentials arising from the baroreceptors?

A

Increased systemic vascular resistance

26
Q

What hormones stimulate changes that lead to an increase in arterial blood pressure?

A
  • Antidiuretic hormone
  • Aldosterone
  • Angiotensin
  • Epinephrine
27
Q

What happens when chemoreceptors in blood vessels detect high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood?

A
  • Increase vasoconstriction of arterioles
  • Increased blood pressure
  • Increased sympathetic stimulation
  • Arterioles and veins
  • Increased vasoconstriction of veins
28
Q

What results in the myogenic response of smooth muscle?

A
  • More forceful contractions when relaxed
  • Tetany
  • Relaxation of smooth muscle when stretched
  • Formation of new desmosomes
29
Q

Abnormal conditions such as atherosclerosis and patent ductus arteriosus cause a large increase in what?

A

Pulse pressure

30
Q

Which blood vessels in blood pressure pulsing?

A
  • Arteries
  • Arterioles
31
Q

What type of shock is due to decreased blood volume?

A

Hypovolemic

32
Q
A

Biology U5 & 6 (2 decks)

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