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Patho/Phys 3 > "Quizable material" Quiz 1 > Flashcards

"Quizable material" Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What arteries provide the anterior cerebral circulation for the circle of willis?

A

Carotid arteries

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2
Q

What branch of the carotid arteries enter at the base of the skull?

A

The internal branch

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3
Q

What does the carotid artery of the circle of willis bifurcate into?

A

The external and internal carotid arteries

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4
Q

What artery supplies the eye from the circle of willis?

A

Ophthalmic artery

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5
Q

What does the circle of willis ultimately bifurcate into?

A

The anterior and middle cerebral arteries

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6
Q

What is the purpose of CSF?

A

Surrounds all exposed surfaces of CNS
Cushions, supports, and transports

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7
Q

What does the CSF interchange with?

A

Interchanges with interstitial fluid of the brain

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8
Q

What protrudes superiorly into dural sinus and permits CSF to be absorbed into venous blood?

A

Arachnoid villi

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9
Q

What is the flow of CSF?

A

Through ventricles
To arachnoid space
To dural sinuses (back to circulation)

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10
Q

Where is CSF Produced?

A

CSF is produced in the lateral ventricles and travels into the third ventricle via the interventricular foramina or Foramen of Monroe.

It subsequently transits through the cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius) into the fourth ventricle, and then into the space around the brain via the foramina of Luschka and Magendie.

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11
Q

Absorption of CSF into the dural venous sinuses occurs through what?

A

Arachnoid granulations

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12
Q

What produces CSF?

A

Choroid plexus in the ventricles

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13
Q

What increases CSF volume

A

Choroid plexus papilloma
Hyperthermia
Decreased serum osmolality
Increased CSF osmolality

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14
Q

What decreases CSF

A

Hypothermia
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Diamox
Increased serum osmolality
Decreased CSF osmolality

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15
Q

What makes up the CNS neuroglia (Glial cells)?

A

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

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16
Q

What makes up PNS neuroglia?

A

Schwann Cells
Satellite cells

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17
Q

What is the function of astrocytes?

A

Wrap around the nerve cell and support the cell

Predominate glial cell

Hypertrophy when cell is injuried

Create the Blood brain barrier

Provide structural support for neuron

Regulate metabolic environment

18
Q

Where are the oligodendroglia and what is their function

A

Interposed between neuron and blood vessels

Create Myelin sheath around axons which transmits impulses faster than unmyelinated axons

19
Q

What is the function of microglia

A

Small cells which move along inflamed or damaged brain cells

Function is phagocytosis of cellular waste and pathogens

20
Q

Where are ependymal cells located and what is their function

A

line central canal of the spinal column and ventricular cavities;

they are ciliated and combine with endothelial cells to form a choroid plexus which secretes CSF

21
Q

Where are schwann cells and what is their function

A

Surround axons in PNS and create neurilemma

Creates myelin sheath around most axons of PNS

22
Q

the neurilemma allows for potential ________ of damaged axons

A

regeneration

23
Q

Satellite cells support groups of cell bodies of neurons within _______ of the PNS

A

ganglia

24
Q

What does the tentorium separate?

A

Tentorium is a horizontal folding of the dura separating the upper supratentorial cavity and lower infratentorial space

25
Q

What is the supratentorial space divided into?

A

Divided into the right an left side for each cerebral hemisphere be an interhemispheric fissure occupied by an invagination of dura, the falx cerebri.

26
Q

In what tentorial space is the cerebellum contained in?

A

Infratentorial

Divided into right and left cerebellar hemispheres by falx cerebelli

27
Q

What divides the cerebellar hemispheres?

A

Falx cerebelli

28
Q

What 4 parts make up the neuron stucture

A

Dendrites
Cell body
Axon
Synaptic terminals

29
Q

Dendrites are stimulated by _____________ changes or the activities of other ______

A

Environmental changes
Other cells

30
Q

The cell body of the neuron contains what?

A

Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Other organelles and inclusions

31
Q

what conducts nerve impulses (action potential) toward synaptic terminals away from the cell body?

A

Axon

Vary in length and thickness
Nodes of Ranvier unmyelinated between Schwann cells

Neurolemma essential for peripheral nerve generation

32
Q

Synaptic terminals affect what?

A

affect other neurons or effector organs (muscle or gland)

33
Q

What are the structural classes of neurons?

A

Multipolar neuron
Bipolar neuron
Unipolar neurons

34
Q

What structural class makes up the majority of CNS neurons?

A

Multipolar

Multiple dendrites and 1 axon

35
Q

What are the rarest structural class of neurons? What three locations are they found

A

Bipolar neurons

Only in retina, ear, and olfactory

36
Q

What structural class of neurons is found in DRG and cranial ganglial cells?

A

Pseudounipolar

Allows sensory input to travel from dendrite to axon without going through cell body

37
Q

What are the functional classifications of neurons?

A

Sensory (afferent)

Motor (efferent)

Association (interneurons)

38
Q

Afferent (sensory) neurons transmit sensory information from receptors of ___ toward the CNS

Most are unipolar a few are bipolar

A

PNS

39
Q

Efferent (motor) neurons transmit motor information from the ___ to effector (muscles/glands/adipose tissue) in the periphery of the body

All are multipolar

A

CNS

40
Q

What type of neuron transmits information between neurons within the CNS, analyzes inputs, and coordinates outputs?

Is the most common

Are all multipolar

A

Association (interneurons)

41
Q

What is the perikaryon also known as?

A

Cell body

Patho/Phys 3 (4 decks)

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