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Radiation Protection > Quiz Review > Flashcards

Quiz Review Flashcards

1
Q

3 Ways Patient Dose is Established?

A

Entrance skin dose(ESD)/Entrance skin exposure(ESE)

Gonadal Dose

Bone Marrow Dose

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2
Q

What is ESE? How do we find it?

A
  • measure with TLD’s
  • patient dose
  • indicates absorbed dose to most superficial layers
    1. Nomogram
    2. Calculations
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3
Q

What are the 2 formulas needed to solve for ESE?

A

I1/I2=D2^2/D1^2

I1/I2=KVP1^2/KVP2^2

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4
Q

What is Gonadal Dose?

A
  • equivalent dose that can bring genetic injury

- assesses impact of gonadal dose on population

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5
Q

What is Bone Marrow Dose?

A
  • also called Mean Marrow Dose
  • can only be estimated
  • substantial exposure can deplete/destroy stem&blood cells
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6
Q

Ways to reduce patient dose?

A 
Collimating
Shielding
Equipment
Communication
Quality Control
SID
Appropriate Technique
Filtration
Immobilization
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7
Q

What is the best technique for patients?

A

High KVP and Low mAs

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8
Q

4 Types of Shielding?

A
  1. Flat contact/roll away
    - most common, kind we have in the labs
  2. Shadow
    - hangs from the tube and shadow covers the area of interest
  3. Shape Contact
    - shaped to hold male reproductive organs
  4. Clear lead
    - 30% lead, usually used for scoliosis exams
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9
Q

What do compensating filters do?

A

Help even out density throughout the image

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10
Q

Radiation Protection Groups

A

ICRP
NCRP
UNSCEAR
NAS/NRC-BEIR

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11
Q

What is the ICRP?

A
  • international authority regarding radiation safety
  • evaluates biological effects of radiation
  • provides recommendations
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12
Q

What is the NCRP?

A
  • US cooperation
  • non-government group
  • determines how ICRP recommendations are incorporated into US criteria
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13
Q

What is the UNSCEAR?

A
  • helps form radiation protection guidelines
  • evaluates human and environmental exposures
  • derives risk assessments
  • takes info from nuclear accidents and conducts follow up studies for cancer/genetic effects
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14
Q

What is the NAS/NRC-BEIR?

A
  • reviews studies of biological effects and risk assessments
  • studies early radiation groups
  • gives info to other groups for evaluation
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15
Q

What is the purpose of the ICRP,NCRP,UNSCEAR, and NAS/NRC-BEIR?

A

-form recommendations for effective dose, equivalent dose limits

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16
Q

Rules for Tech protection?

A
  • decrease time in room
  • increase distance from tube and patient
  • always shield
  • never stand in primary beam
  • ALARA
17
Q

Dose limits

A
  • dose of radiation that is not expected to produce significant risk
  • used to be called MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE DOSE
18
Q

Dose limits for techs?

A
  • Put occupational risks on common scale

- can receive more radiation than normal people

19
Q

Factors affecting Radiation Workers?

A

Radiation Weighting Factor=(Wr)

Tissue Weighting Factor=(Wt)

20
Q

Equivalent Dose (EqD)

A
  • average absorbed dose + Wr

- accounts for different amounts of damage that is produced by various radiation

21
Q

Effective Dose (EfD)

A
  • overall risk of exposing body to radiation
  • both Wr+Wt
  • annual occupational limit for workers
22
Q

Collective Effective Dose?

A
  • exposure to population or group

- used when population has been exposed by and accident

23
Q

Total Effective Dose Equivalent?

A

-lifetime effective dose

Age in years + 10mSv=TEDE

24
Q

3 Types of radiation in the room?

A
  1. Primary
  2. Scatter
  3. Leakage
25
Q

What is the greatest radiation hazard to a tech?

A

The patient

26
Q

What exams produce the greatest exposure risks for techs?

A

Fluoro and interventional procedures

27
Q

Owners role?

A
  • responsible for radiation safety of EVERYONE
  • ensures proper installation of equipment
  • delegates
  • ensures qualified people carry out jobs
28
Q

Responsible User role?

A
  • monitors and manages safety programs
  • oversees equipment&performance reports
  • image quality program
  • correct use of equipment
  • train new staff
  • investigates high dosimeter reports
  • promote communication
29
Q

X-ray Equipment Operator role?

A
  • follows procedures
  • competent in all exams
  • no unnecessary exposures
  • understand equipment
  • knows hazards of radiation
  • safe work methods
  • participate in QA/QC programs
30
Q

Medical Physicist/RSO role?

A
  • advises all radiation protection aspects of construction
  • register new equipment
  • annual checks
  • updates staff
  • report violations
31
Q

Radiation Safety Officer role?

A
  • manage quality program

- conducts responsibilities of medial physicist

32
Q

Referring Physician &Practitioner role?

A
  • orders exams
  • must use professional judgement
  • must consider other options
33
Q

Information Systems Specialist role?

A

-maintenance &QC of IT software and hardware

34
Q

Repair and Maintenance Personnel role?

A
  • repair equipment
  • ensure work is done correctly
  • reports violations
  • regular views of maintenance checks
  • communicates with staff of safety & testing
35
Q

3 Types of Beam Limitation Devices?

A
  1. Aperture Diaphragms
  2. Cones
  3. Cylinders
36
Q

2 types of motion?

A
  1. Voluntary

2. Involuntary

Radiation Protection (2 decks)

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