Quiz: Respiration Flashcards
Define cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is what cells do to break up sugars into a form that the cell can use as energy. It takes in food and uses it to create ATP, a chemical which the cell uses for energy.
Write the general equation for photosynthesis
(6)CO2 + (6)H2O —-> C(6)H(12)O(6) + (6)O2
Write the general equation for cellular respiration.
C(6)H(12)O(6) + O2 —–> CO2 + H2O + energy
How efficient is the human body in extracting energy from glucose?
40%
Define homeotherm
An organism that maintains its body temperature at a constant level, usually above that of the environment, by its metabolic activity.
Define poikilotherm
An organism (as a frog) with a variable body temperature that tends to fluctuate with and is similar to or slightly higher than the temperature of its environment.
Why did the hamster consume more oxygen than the frog?
It takes more energy to maintain a constant body temperature.
Name the major respiratory organ found in fish.
Gills
Name the major respiratory organ found in insects.
Trachea
Name the major respiratory organ found in birds and mammals.
Lungs
Describe the path that air takes from outside the body to the site of gas exchange, naming all the structures through which it passes.
Air enters the body through the nostrils, then passes through the throat (pharynx) and then the voice box (larynx). It is next conducted into the thoracic, or chest, cavity. Then it passes through the bronchioles into alveoli.
Where does the actual exchange of gases between the lungs and blood occur?
It occurs in the alveoli sacs.
Give the common name for trachea.
Wind pipe
Give the common name for pharynx.
Throat
Give the common name for larynx.
Voice box
Give the common name for thoracic cavity.
Chest cavity
Describe the function of nasal and oral cavities.
The nasal cavity is responsible for warming, moisturizing, and filtering air entering the body.
The oral cavity is responsible for receiving food, chewing it, and then beginning the swallowing process.
Describe the function of epiglottis.
It acts as a switch between the larynx and the esophagus to permit air to enter the airway to the lungs and food to pass into the gastrointestinal tract.
Describe the function of trachea.
It provides air flow to and from the lungs for respiration.
Describe the function of bronchi.
Carry air from the trachea into the lungs.
Describe the function of bronchioles.
Carry air from the trachea into the lungs. They ensure that incoming air is supplied to each alveolus.
Describe the function of alveolar ducts.
They allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to move between the lungs and bloodstream.
Define vital capacity.
The greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath.
In what way does hyperventilation change blood CO2 levels?
It lowers carbon dioxide levels in your blood.
Why did the respiratory rate of the fish change with temperature?
Cold blooded animals regulate their bodily functions based on the temperature around them. The metabolic rate drops, which slows the respiratory rate and the need for oxygen.
Determine the color of the following solution and the reason for the color:
Snail + water + Bromothymol Blue
Yellow. There is carbon dioxide present from the snail’s breathing.
Determine the color of the following solution and the reason for the color:
Elodea + water + Bromothymol Blue
Blue-green. Photosynthesis occurs, creating oxygen.
Explain the interdependence between respiration and photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration takes it back. Photosynthesis releases oxygen into the atmosphere, and cellular respiration uses that oxygen to release energy from food.
Compare respiration and photosynthesis.
Both cellular respiration and photosynthesis require the same ingredients: Glucose (C-6 H-12 O-6), oxygen (6 O-2), carbon dioxide (6 CO-2), water (6 H-2-O) and energy (ATP). The two common ingredients are carbon dioxide (CO-2), a gas that passes from the air into a plant, and water (H-2-O), which is absorbed from the soil by the plant’s roots.
Inside plant cells, chloroplasts use light energy to rearrange the atoms of carbon dioxide and water to form glucose. Both plants and animal cells perform cell respiration.
In cellular respiration: glucose + oxygen –> (cell resp.) –> carbon dioxide + water + energy
In photosynthesis: glucose + oxygen
