Quiz questions review Flashcards
Which of the following historical figures laid down one of the most basic principles in environmental health and toxicology, i.e., that, when considering the potential adverse effects of a given toxicant, the exposure intensity is a critical determinant?
Agricola
Paracelsus
Ramazzini
Alice Hamilton
Percival Pott
Paracelus
The 1984 Bhopal tragedy ultimately led, in the United States, to the passage of which of the following regulatory standards or laws?
Workers’ compensation laws
The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Act
Fire safety regulations
Hazard communication/right to know laws in the U.S.
Clean Air Act
Hazard communication/right to know laws in the US
Which of the following periods of time, in both the U.S. and Europe, was characterized by increased wealth, prosperity and productivity, but also by an increase in the number of work-related injuries and exposure to physical agents?
industrial revolution
At the beginning of the 20th century, these persons or groups contributed through their writings to increasing public awareness of the poor working conditions of certain groups of U.S. workers:
Paparazzi
Trade unions
Artisan guilds
Safety engineers
Muckrakers
muckrackers
The “typical” pattern or sequence of events that public policy issues related to environmental/occupational health follow in the U.S. is:
Politicization, litigation, legislation, identification
Identification, litigation, legislation, politicization
Litigation, identification, politicization, legislation
Identification, politicization, legislation, litigation
None of the above
Indentification, politicization, legislation, litigation
The landmark 1987 United Church of Christ report, Toxic Wastes and _____ in the United States, was the first national study of demographic disparities in the location of hazardous waste sites
Group of answer choices
Poverty
Children
Race
Urbanization
race
The cumulative impacts of social vulnerability, environmental exposure inequalities, and biological/physiological susceptibility combine to form _________ among racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups
Group of answer choices
Cumulative vulnerability
Aggregate vulnerability
Health differences
Health disparities
health desparities
The modern environmental justice movement in the United States emerged in 1982 when a predominantly African American community in Warren, North Carolina protested the siting of what type of facility in their community
Group of answer choices
Coal-fired power plant
Nuclear power plant
Hazardous waste incinerator
Hazardous waste landfill
hazardous waste landfill
Jim Crow Laws were designed to enhance racial equity between Black Americans and White Americans.
false
Redlining practices relegated Black and other communities of color to neighborhoods which were less desirable, with greater potential for exposure to environmental toxicants.
true
The process in which bacteria in the soil change nitrogen gas into forms that plants can use is called _____________________ .
fixation
Which of the following cycles does not have a gaseous phase?
Group of answer choices
Water (hydrologic)
Carbon
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
phosphorus
On land, plants lose water to the atmosphere by:
Group of answer choices
Desiccation
Condensation
Transpiration
Filtration
Evaporation
transpiration
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are both involved in:
Group of answer choices
Water (hydrological) cycle
Carbon cycle
Nitrogen cycle
Phosphorus cycle
Sulfur cycle
carbon cycle
An ecosystem is self-sustaining if it involves the interaction between organisms, a flow of energy, and the presence of:
Group of answer choices
More animals than plants
Nutrient cycles
More plants than animals
Equal numbers of plants and animals
Biosynthesis
nutrient cycle
According to the dilution effect hypothesis, the presence of absence of species diversity in a community may impact transmission of vector-borne diseases to humans.
true
The built environment contributes to all of the following public health problems EXCEPT:
Group of answer choices
Violence
Diabetes
Asthma
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (‘mad cow’ disease)
Depression
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (‘mad cow’ disease)
Which of the following are included in the 21st century definition of “environmental health”?
Group of answer choices
Housing
Agriculture
Urban development
Transportation
All of the above
all of the above
Urban sprawl has been accelerated either directly or indirectly by all of the following EXCEPT:
The GI Bill which resulted in insured mortgages and a decrease in mortgage interest rates.
The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 that allows individuals to exclude up to $250,000 of capital gains on the sale of a residence.
Increased highway construction.
Increased traffic lights and toll booth technology.
Federal tax laws allowing mortgage interest to be tax deductible.
increased traffic light and toll booth technology
Which of the following statements regarding obesity in the United States is currently true?
Group of answer choices
Prevalence is increasing in all age groups.
Obesity prevalence is growing at a much faster rate in the youngest age groups.
Over 60% of the US population meets the definition of overweight.
One in three Americans meets the definition of obesity.
All of the above are true.
all of the above is true
In comparison to the most developed European countries, the proportion of all transportation modes devoted to alternative transportation (i.e., walking, cycling) in the United States is higher and pedestrian and cycling fatalities are higher.
false
Under the CDC construct for social determinants of health, which one of the following represents the domain where environmental health determinants can be found?
Group of answer choices
Economic Stability
Health & Health Care
Education
Social & Community Context
Neighborhood & Built Environment
neighborhood and built environment
The WHO view of social determinants of health is framed in the context of social injustice & its impact on the health & well-being of populations.
true
The WHO commission states that social & economic systems play no role in determining the health of populations.
false
The 12 Ethical Principles of Public Health have considerable correspondence with the 10 Essential Public Health Services.
true
Which one of the following items is NOT part of the 3 core steps for applying an ethical framework to a public health problem?
Group of answer choices
resolve the dilemma by deciding which course of action best incorporates and balances the guiding principles and values
engaging industry representatives who might benefit from a solution to the problem
analyze it in terms of alternative courses of action and their consequences
identify and clarify the ethical dilemma
engaging industry representatives who might benefit from a solution to the problem
autonomy
indiviuals ban best evaluate their interest
benefience
to do good
justice
equitable distribution of benefits and cost
Bioethical principles can be applied to research in different ways. Which of the following are included in the applications of theses principles? Choose all that apply.
Group of answer choices
Potential for lucrative outcomes
Informed consent
Evaluation of risks and benefits
Selection of research subjects
Informed consent
Evaluation of risks and benefits
Selection of research subjects
Systems thinking only considers one component of a problem at a time.
false
Which of the following is NOT true of the components of a system?
Group of answer choices
The components of a system interact in a dynamic fashion.
The components of a system can be regulated.
The components of a system only operate one at a time.
Small changes in one component of a system can have large effects.
The components of a system only operate one at a time.
Analytical thinking always incorporates feedback loops when considering a problem.
Emergence comes from:
Group of answer choices
the ways in which parts of a system interact with one another .
one component of a system being stronger than all of the others.
interactions within a system where one component cancels out another.
No answer text provided.
the ways in which parts of a system interact with one another
Analytical thinking is reductionist.
true
