Quiz questions review

Question 1

Which of the following historical figures laid down one of the most basic principles in environmental health and toxicology, i.e., that, when considering the potential adverse effects of a given toxicant, the exposure intensity is a critical determinant?
Agricola
Paracelsus
Ramazzini
Alice Hamilton
Percival Pott

Answer 1

Paracelus

Question 2

The 1984 Bhopal tragedy ultimately led, in the United States, to the passage of which of the following regulatory standards or laws?
Workers’ compensation laws
The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Act
Fire safety regulations
Hazard communication/right to know laws in the U.S.
Clean Air Act

Answer 2

Hazard communication/right to know laws in the US

Question 3

Which of the following periods of time, in both the U.S. and Europe, was characterized by increased wealth, prosperity and productivity, but also by an increase in the number of work-related injuries and exposure to physical agents?

Answer 3

industrial revolution

Question 4

At the beginning of the 20th century, these persons or groups contributed through their writings to increasing public awareness of the poor working conditions of certain groups of U.S. workers:
Paparazzi
Trade unions
Artisan guilds
Safety engineers
Muckrakers

Answer 4

muckrackers

Question 5

The “typical” pattern or sequence of events that public policy issues related to environmental/occupational health follow in the U.S. is:
Politicization, litigation, legislation, identification
Identification, litigation, legislation, politicization
Litigation, identification, politicization, legislation
Identification, politicization, legislation, litigation
None of the above

Answer 5

Indentification, politicization, legislation, litigation

Question 6

The landmark 1987 United Church of Christ report, Toxic Wastes and _____ in the United States, was the first national study of demographic disparities in the location of hazardous waste sites
Group of answer choices

Poverty

Children

Race

Urbanization

Answer 6

race

Question 7

The cumulative impacts of social vulnerability, environmental exposure inequalities, and biological/physiological susceptibility combine to form _________ among racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups
Group of answer choices

Cumulative vulnerability

Aggregate vulnerability

Health differences

Health disparities

Answer 7

health desparities

Question 8

The modern environmental justice movement in the United States emerged in 1982 when a predominantly African American community in Warren, North Carolina protested the siting of what type of facility in their community

Group of answer choices

Coal-fired power plant

Nuclear power plant

Hazardous waste incinerator

Hazardous waste landfill

Answer 8

hazardous waste landfill

Question 9

Jim Crow Laws were designed to enhance racial equity between Black Americans and White Americans.

Answer 9

false

Question 10

Redlining practices relegated Black and other communities of color to neighborhoods which were less desirable, with greater potential for exposure to environmental toxicants.

Answer 10

true

Question 11

The process in which bacteria in the soil change nitrogen gas into forms that plants can use is called _____________________ .

Answer 11

fixation

Question 12

Which of the following cycles does not have a gaseous phase?
Group of answer choices

Water (hydrologic)

Carbon

Nitrogen

Phosphorus

Sulfur

Answer 12

phosphorus

Question 13

On land, plants lose water to the atmosphere by:
Group of answer choices

Desiccation

Condensation

Transpiration

Filtration

Evaporation

Answer 13

transpiration

Question 14

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are both involved in:
Group of answer choices

Water (hydrological) cycle

Carbon cycle

Nitrogen cycle

Phosphorus cycle

Sulfur cycle

Answer 14

carbon cycle

Question 15

An ecosystem is self-sustaining if it involves the interaction between organisms, a flow of energy, and the presence of:
Group of answer choices

More animals than plants

Nutrient cycles

More plants than animals

Equal numbers of plants and animals

Biosynthesis

Answer 15

nutrient cycle

Question 16

According to the dilution effect hypothesis, the presence of absence of species diversity in a community may impact transmission of vector-borne diseases to humans.

Answer 16

true

Question 17

The built environment contributes to all of the following public health problems EXCEPT:
Group of answer choices

Violence

Diabetes

Asthma

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (‘mad cow’ disease)

Depression

Answer 17

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (‘mad cow’ disease)

Question 18

Which of the following are included in the 21st century definition of “environmental health”?
Group of answer choices

Housing

Agriculture

Urban development

Transportation

All of the above

Answer 18

all of the above

Question 19

Urban sprawl has been accelerated either directly or indirectly by all of the following EXCEPT:

The GI Bill which resulted in insured mortgages and a decrease in mortgage interest rates.

The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 that allows individuals to exclude up to $250,000 of capital gains on the sale of a residence.

Increased highway construction.

Increased traffic lights and toll booth technology.

Federal tax laws allowing mortgage interest to be tax deductible.

Answer 19

increased traffic light and toll booth technology

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding obesity in the United States is currently true?
Group of answer choices

Prevalence is increasing in all age groups.

Obesity prevalence is growing at a much faster rate in the youngest age groups.

Over 60% of the US population meets the definition of overweight.

One in three Americans meets the definition of obesity.

All of the above are true.

Answer 20

all of the above is true

Question 21

In comparison to the most developed European countries, the proportion of all transportation modes devoted to alternative transportation (i.e., walking, cycling) in the United States is higher and pedestrian and cycling fatalities are higher.

Answer 21

false

Question 22

Under the CDC construct for social determinants of health, which one of the following represents the domain where environmental health determinants can be found?
Group of answer choices

Economic Stability

Health & Health Care

Education

Social & Community Context

Neighborhood & Built Environment

Answer 22

neighborhood and built environment

Question 23

The WHO view of social determinants of health is framed in the context of social injustice & its impact on the health & well-being of populations.

Answer 23

true

Question 24

The WHO commission states that social & economic systems play no role in determining the health of populations.

Answer 24

false

Question 25

The 12 Ethical Principles of Public Health have considerable correspondence with the 10 Essential Public Health Services.

Answer 25

true

Question 26

Which one of the following items is NOT part of the 3 core steps for applying an ethical framework to a public health problem?
Group of answer choices

resolve the dilemma by deciding which course of action best incorporates and balances the guiding principles and values

engaging industry representatives who might benefit from a solution to the problem

analyze it in terms of alternative courses of action and their consequences

identify and clarify the ethical dilemma

Answer 26

engaging industry representatives who might benefit from a solution to the problem

Question 27

autonomy

Answer 27

indiviuals ban best evaluate their interest

Question 28

benefience

Answer 28

to do good

Question 29

justice

Answer 29

equitable distribution of benefits and cost

Question 30

Bioethical principles can be applied to research in different ways. Which of the following are included in the applications of theses principles? Choose all that apply.
Group of answer choices

Potential for lucrative outcomes

Informed consent

Evaluation of risks and benefits

Selection of research subjects

Answer 30

Informed consent

Evaluation of risks and benefits

Selection of research subjects

Question 31

Systems thinking only considers one component of a problem at a time.

Answer 31

false

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT true of the components of a system?
Group of answer choices

The components of a system interact in a dynamic fashion.

The components of a system can be regulated.

The components of a system only operate one at a time.

Small changes in one component of a system can have large effects.

Answer 32

The components of a system only operate one at a time.

Question 33

Analytical thinking always incorporates feedback loops when considering a problem.

Question 34

Emergence comes from:
Group of answer choices

the ways in which parts of a system interact with one another .

one component of a system being stronger than all of the others.

interactions within a system where one component cancels out another.

No answer text provided.

Answer 34

the ways in which parts of a system interact with one another

Question 35

Analytical thinking is reductionist.

Answer 35

true