Exam 2

Question 1

Which is a primary method of controlling exposures?

Substitution
Ventilation
Isolation
Personal protective equipment
All of these

Answer 1

All of these

Question 2

Which is not an advantage of biomarkers over other exposure assessment methods?

Confirms actual absorption
Integrative over all routes of exposure
Accounts for bioavailability
Accounts for differences between people in metabolism

Answer 2

Accounts for differences between people in metabolism

Question 3

Which of these is not a specific route of exposure
Inhalation
Proximity
Ingestion
Dermal

Answer 3

Proximity

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a typical measurement unit used to characterize PM (particulate matter)?

microns

ppm

ug/m3 (microgram per cubic meter)

all of the above are relevant to PM

Answer 4

ppm

Question 5

The subdivision of the atmosphere into troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere is based on the vertical variation of:

air temperature

oxygen concentration

rain

air pressure

Answer 5

air temperature

Question 6

Which of the following gases is most responsible for retaining heat in atmosphere?

oxygen

ozone

carbon monoxide

water vapor

Answer 6

water vapor

Question 7

Match the following definition to the correct term: “the increase in concentration of chemicals that occur in some, usually aquatic, food chain at higher trophic levels.”

Bioconcentration

Bioaccumulation

Biomagnification

Biodispersion

Answer 7

Biomagnification

Question 8

Transport of contaminants and compounds in bodies of water is usually more complex than in the atmosphere

Answer 8

true

Question 9

Which one of the following statements depicts the dose-response relationahip?
Group of answer choices

The effects of a chemical are not dependent on dose, but instead are dependent on the person.

The dose-response quantitatively describes the association between exposure & effect of a toxic compound.

The dose-response relationship cannot be quantified, because all chemicals are different.

Nobody pays attention to dose-response anymore..

The lower the dose, the greater the response.

Answer 9

The dose-response quantitatively describes the association between exposure & effect of a toxic compound.

Question 10

The most common route of toxicant exposure for adults is via the intravenous route.

Answer 10

false

Question 11

Risk is the same as hazard

Answer 11

false

Question 12

Risk Characterization is the first step to conduct the risk assessment.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

The unit of cancer slope factor is mg/kg-day.
Group of answer choices

Answer 13

False

Question 14

Injection is one of the major routes for environmental agents to enter the human body.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

The general acceptable environmental risk is 10-6.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a significant greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming?
Group of answer choices

Carbon dioxide

Carbon monoxide

Methane

Chlorofluorocarbons

Water vapor

Answer 16

Carbon monoxide

Question 17

Global climate change contributes to each of the following EXCEPT:
Group of answer choices

Rising sea levels

Species extinctions

Ocean acidification

More sever storms

Peak petroleum production

Answer 17

Peak petroleum production

Question 18

The impacts of climate change on food and agriculture include all of the following EXCEPT:
Group of answer choices

c. Reduced growth of most weeds, enhancing crop production.

b. Increased production of staple crops in some parts of the world, such as parts of Canada and Russia.

d. Reduced nutrient content of some foods.

e. Increased crop loss due to plant diseases.

a. Reduced production of wheat, maize, and other staple crops in much of the world, especially parts of Africa and Asia

Answer 18

c. Reduced growth of most weeds, enhancing crop production.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about heat waves is true?
Group of answer choices

b. Heat waves are more severe in rural areas than in urban areas.

d. Heat waves in recent years have been most severe near the equator, and mild in norther latitudes.

a. Risk factors for death during heat waves are well defined.

c. Most excess deaths during heat waves are attributed to “heat stroke” or “hyperthermia” on death certificates.

e. Heat wave preparedness planning is ineffective in reducing deaths during heat waves.

Answer 19

a. Risk factors for death during heat waves are well defined.

Question 20

Climate change may contribute to water contamination through all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT:
Group of answer choices

e. Increased chlorine concentrations due to water treatment malfunctions

a. Harmful algal blooms

d. Contamination by cryptosporidium or giardia from increased non-point source runoff after storms

b. Coliform contamination from combined sewer outflows following severe rainfall

c. Vibrio contamination due to warmer marine waters

Answer 20

e. Increased chlorine concentrations due to water treatment malfunctions