Exam 2 Flashcards
Which is a primary method of controlling exposures?
Substitution
Ventilation
Isolation
Personal protective equipment
All of these
All of these
Which is not an advantage of biomarkers over other exposure assessment methods?
Confirms actual absorption
Integrative over all routes of exposure
Accounts for bioavailability
Accounts for differences between people in metabolism
Accounts for differences between people in metabolism
Which of these is not a specific route of exposure
Inhalation
Proximity
Ingestion
Dermal
Proximity
Which of the following is NOT a typical measurement unit used to characterize PM (particulate matter)?
microns
ppm
ug/m3 (microgram per cubic meter)
all of the above are relevant to PM
ppm
The subdivision of the atmosphere into troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere is based on the vertical variation of:
air temperature
oxygen concentration
rain
air pressure
air temperature
Which of the following gases is most responsible for retaining heat in atmosphere?
oxygen
ozone
carbon monoxide
water vapor
water vapor
Match the following definition to the correct term: “the increase in concentration of chemicals that occur in some, usually aquatic, food chain at higher trophic levels.”
Bioconcentration
Bioaccumulation
Biomagnification
Biodispersion
Biomagnification
Transport of contaminants and compounds in bodies of water is usually more complex than in the atmosphere
true
Which one of the following statements depicts the dose-response relationahip?
Group of answer choices
The effects of a chemical are not dependent on dose, but instead are dependent on the person.
The dose-response quantitatively describes the association between exposure & effect of a toxic compound.
The dose-response relationship cannot be quantified, because all chemicals are different.
Nobody pays attention to dose-response anymore..
The lower the dose, the greater the response.
The dose-response quantitatively describes the association between exposure & effect of a toxic compound.
The most common route of toxicant exposure for adults is via the intravenous route.
false
Risk is the same as hazard
false
Risk Characterization is the first step to conduct the risk assessment.
False
The unit of cancer slope factor is mg/kg-day.
Group of answer choices
False
Injection is one of the major routes for environmental agents to enter the human body.
False
The general acceptable environmental risk is 10-6.
True
Which of the following is NOT a significant greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming?
Group of answer choices
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Methane
Chlorofluorocarbons
Water vapor
Carbon monoxide
Global climate change contributes to each of the following EXCEPT:
Group of answer choices
Rising sea levels
Species extinctions
Ocean acidification
More sever storms
Peak petroleum production
Peak petroleum production
The impacts of climate change on food and agriculture include all of the following EXCEPT:
Group of answer choices
c. Reduced growth of most weeds, enhancing crop production.
b. Increased production of staple crops in some parts of the world, such as parts of Canada and Russia.
d. Reduced nutrient content of some foods.
e. Increased crop loss due to plant diseases.
a. Reduced production of wheat, maize, and other staple crops in much of the world, especially parts of Africa and Asia
c. Reduced growth of most weeds, enhancing crop production.
Which of the following statements about heat waves is true?
Group of answer choices
b. Heat waves are more severe in rural areas than in urban areas.
d. Heat waves in recent years have been most severe near the equator, and mild in norther latitudes.
a. Risk factors for death during heat waves are well defined.
c. Most excess deaths during heat waves are attributed to “heat stroke” or “hyperthermia” on death certificates.
e. Heat wave preparedness planning is ineffective in reducing deaths during heat waves.
a. Risk factors for death during heat waves are well defined.
Climate change may contribute to water contamination through all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT:
Group of answer choices
e. Increased chlorine concentrations due to water treatment malfunctions
a. Harmful algal blooms
d. Contamination by cryptosporidium or giardia from increased non-point source runoff after storms
b. Coliform contamination from combined sewer outflows following severe rainfall
c. Vibrio contamination due to warmer marine waters
e. Increased chlorine concentrations due to water treatment malfunctions
