Quiz Questions (exam 2) Flashcards
Which of the following is not a catecholamine?
norepinephrine
epinephrine
glutamine
dopamine
Glutamine
increases in DA or NE in the nerve terminal decreases the action of tyrosine hyrdroxylase. What effect would this have?
decrease rate of catecholamine synthesis
Which of the following most accurately represents the synthesis of catecholamines?
Tyrosine-> DOPA -> dopamine -> norepinephrine
A group of mice is given reserpine as part of an experiment. Behaviorally, these animals would be expected to show
sedation
The primary means of inactivating catecholamines at the synapse
reuptake by transporter proteins
Which receptors stimulate adenylate cyclase?
B1- and B2-adrenoceptors
Why are adrenergic agonists and antagonists important in the treatment of many nonpsychiatric medical conditions?
the widespread locations of these receptors on multiple organs
In the CNS, dopaminergic cell bodies are found primarily in the _______, whereas adrenergic cell bodies are found in the
midbrain; pons and medulla
D1 and D2 receptors have the same effect on the enzyme adenyl cyclase
False
In mice, knocking out the dopamine transporter results in mice that are
more hyperactive than wild type mice
Which of the following enzymes is used to identify serotonergic neurons?
TPH
Most dietary tryptophan is turned into this molecule, which is implicated in some forms of neurodegeneration
Kynurenine
Which of the following statements regarding MDMA is false?
it has definitely been shown to produce degeneration of nerve fibers in all human users
it is a Schedule I substance
it produces a state of altered consciousness
it has been proposed as an adjunct to psychotherapy for PTSD
it has definitely been shown to produce degeneration of nerve fibers in all human users
Most serotonin receptors are ______ and utilize _____
metabotropic, second messengers
A mouse is tested in the elevated plus-maze and shows extreme anxiety compared to other mice. From this observation you surmise that this mouse likely
is a 5-HT1A-knockout mouse.
What enzyme is used to identify cholinergic neurons?
choline acetyltransferase
You treat a synapse with a cholinergic neuron with a drug but you forget which one. You observe ACh in the synaptic terminal but not loaded in vesicles. Which of the following could be occurring?
The vesicular transporter VAChT is blocked by the drug vesamicol.
Black widow spider venom produces its effects by _______, while botulinum toxin causes its effects by _______.
causing massive release of ACh; preventing release of ACh
Myasthenia gravis
involves an autoimmune process that blocks acetylcholine receptors
Because cholinergic interneurons are clustered in the _______, changes in cholinergic function can affect _______.
striatum; movement
Pyridostigmine can be used as an antidote to sarin because
temporary interactions between pyridostigmine and AChE prevent it from being permanently inactivated by sarin
What type of compound would reduce the availability of NE?
Tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor
The dopaminergic neurons originate in which two regions?
Substantial nigra, ventral tegmental area
Which type of adrenoreceptor uses the phosphoinositide second-messenger system?
a1 subtype receptors
How does Prozac work?
By blocking the 5-HT transporter
Most serotonergic neurons in the CNS are located in the
Cerebral cortex
What is the most consistently observed behavioral effect in TPH2 knockout mice
Increase in aggressive behavior
Which chemical could be used to identify the location of cholinergic neurons?
Choline acetyltransferase
What is the active ingredient in curare?
Muscle nAChRs antagonist
What is the role of astrocytes in the glutamatergic system?
They “recycle” glutamate by converting it to glutamine
Glycine and d-serine are co-agonists with glutamate at _____ receptors
NMDA
A neuron that co-releases GABA and glycine would contain which of these chemicals?
VGAT + VGLUT2
Which of the following is a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAa receptor?
BDZ
What do the 10 classes of drugs in the DSM-5 substance-related disorders have in common?
They can activate neural pathways that mediate the reward system
The addiction potential of a drug is positively correlated with the
Speed of onset of euphoria or “high”
For which class of drugs is the dopaminergic system required for the rewarding effects
Psychostimulants such as cocaine and amphetamine
Alcohol is metabolized in the liver by which two enzyme systems?
Cytochrome 450 and Alcohol dehydrogenase
Acute alcohol administration ______ the effect of glutamate at NMDA receptors, and ______ glutamate release in the brain
Decreases, decreases
