Chapter 15 - Psychedelics and and Hallucinogenic drugs, PCP and Ketamine

Question 1

Mescaline

Answer 1

in peyote cactus; top is cut off and dried –
called mescal button or peyote button; chewed raw or
cooked

Question 2

Psilocybin

Answer 2

alkaloid from several mushroom species (magic mushrooms); dried and eaten raw or made into tea

Question 3

LSD

Answer 3

synthetic; based on fungal alkaloids

Question 4

ayahuasca

Answer 4

hallucinogenic drink made from 2 plants: one contains DMT, the other supplies alkaloids which inhibit MAO activity

Question 5

What were doctors and researchers using LSD for before it became illegal?

Answer 5

A tool in psychotherapy.

Question 6

Psycholytic therapy

Answer 6

Drug-induced “psycholysis,” meaning psychic loosening
or opening.

Question 7

Psychedelic therapy

Answer 7

patient was given a high dose of LSD in hopes of gaining
insight into his or her problems.

Question 8

Major route of administration

Answer 8

Oral

Question 9

What molecule do hallucinogens resemble?

Answer 9

Serotonin

Question 10

Which receptor is responsible for the intensity ratings in subjects?

Answer 10

Brain imaging shows strong relationship between neocortical 5-HT2A receptor occupancy and subjective psychedelic intensity rating, give subjects psilocybin

Question 11

What is LSD a potential treatment for?

Answer 11

alcohol dependence

Question 12

Are these drugs addictive?

Answer 12

Psychedelics are not dependence forming or addictive for most users, long trip

Question 13

What are the adverse effects of taking these substances?

Answer 13

bad trips, flashbacks, and hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD)

Question 14

What are ketamine and PCP used for?

Answer 14

dissociative anesthetics

Question 15

What are the effects of these drugs on the synapse? What receptors do they bind to?

Answer 15

PCP and ketamine are uncompetitive antagonists at the ionotropopic NMDA receptor - bind to a site within the receptor’s channel, blocking ion flow