Quiz Questions

Question 1

The VO2 fails to increase when the workload is increased-yielding a plateau in the VO2 and this is observable in only about ____% of healthy adult subjects.

Answer 1

50%

Question 2

Because not all participants achieve a plateau in VO2max with increasing workloads, it is recommended that secondary criteria be applied to verify maximal effort. These include a respiratory exchange ratio >___ and blood lactic acid level of >__-__ mM.

Answer 2

1.15

8-9

Question 3

Not all subjects show a plateau in VO2 at the end of a graded exercise test (GXT), when graphed against work intensity. It has repeatedly been shown that about what % of subjects do not demonstrate a plateau when stressed to maximal effort?

Answer 3

50

Question 4

In a 20-minute all-out performance, approximately how much ATP production is derived from aerobic processes?
(answer is a %)

Answer 4

90%

Question 5

T/F: Regarding the pulmonary system as a factor limiting exercise performance, it is generally accepted that in the average individual exercising at sea level, the lungs perform their job of saturating the arterial blood with O2 extremely well.

Answer 5

True :)

Question 6

Reinfusion of 900–1,350 mL blood elevates the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. This procedure has been shown to increase VO2max by what % in well designed, double-blind studies.

Answer 6

4-9%

Question 7

The reason that mitochondria cannot fully exploit their oxidative ability is a result of the limitation on ___ ____ imposed by the central cardiovascular system.

Answer 7

O2 delivery

Question 8

The normal range of VO2max values (L·min-1) observed in sedentary and trained men and women of the same age is due principally to variation in what factor?

Answer 8

stroke volume

Question 9

is there an upper limit to oxygen uptake?

Answer 9

yes duhhhh

Question 10

Current evidence shows that only about ____% of the oxygen debt is used to convert the lactate produced during exercise to glucose (gluconeogenesis).

Answer 10

20

Question 11

During high-intensity, short term exercise (i.e. 2 to 20 seconds), the muscle ATP production is dominated by what energy system(s)?

Answer 11

ATP-PC system

Question 12

High-intensity events lasting longer that 45 seconds use what energy system(s)?

Answer 12

ATP-PC, anaerobic glycolysis, and aerobic with a 50%/50% split between aerobic and anaerobic

Question 13

Compared to moderate-intensity exercise, why is EPOC greater in high intensity exercise?

Answer 13

• heat production and body temp are higher
• higher BLa means more O2 required for lactate conversion to glucose in gluconeogenesis
• PC is depleted to greater extent ane more O2 is required for resynthesis
• epi and norepi levels are much higher

Question 14

Blood lactate levels following strenuous exercise remain elevated for at least ___ minutes when there is no exercise in recovery. Removal is _________ when light exercise is used in recovery.

Answer 14

40 minutes

faster

Question 15

A noninvasive technique that is commonly used to estimate the percent contribution of carbohydrate or fat to energy metabolism during exercise is the ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide produced (VCO2) to the volume of oxygen consumed (VO2). What is the common three word definition for this concept?

Answer 15

respiratory exchange ratio

Question 16

In human muscle with adequate glycogen stores, submaximal exercise (i.e. 70 % VO2 max) results in a __________ increase (above resting values) in the number of Krebs-cycle intermediates.

Answer 16

ninefold

Question 17

% CHO when R=1.0?

Answer 17

100%

Question 18

kcal.L-1O2 when R = 0.70?

Answer 18

4.69

Question 19

% carbohydrate when R = 0.85?

Answer 19

50%

Question 20

kcal.L-1O2 when R = 1.00?

Answer 20

5.05

Question 21

% fat when R = 0.85?

Answer 21

50%

Question 22

What one word answer is a common cause of invalidating the use of R to estimate which fuel is being consumed?

Answer 22

hyperventilation

Question 23

The term oxygen deficit applies to the lag in oxygen uptake at the beginning of exercise. Specifically, the oxygen deficit is defined as?

Answer 23

the difference between oxygen uptake in the first few minutes of exercise and an equal time period after steady state has been obtained

Question 24

An early definition of ___ ____ is “the point of a systematic rise in blood lactate during incremental exercise”.

Answer 24

anaerobic threshold

Question 25

T/F: According to Figure 15 of Bassett & Howley (2000), training causes an increase in maximal oxygen uptake and with training a subject is also able to tax a greater percentage of their maximal oxygen uptake during prolonged work.

Answer 25

true :)

Question 26

The term lactate threshold describes the highest oxygen consumption or exercise intensity achieved with less than a ______ mM increase in blood lactate concentration above the pre-exercise level, whereas as the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) signifies when blood lactate concentration systematically increases to ______ mM.

Answer 26

1. 0

4. 0

Question 27

What is an important intermediate step in the reversible conversion of CO2+H2O to H2CO3 (carbonic acid)?

Answer 27

carbonic anhydrase

Question 28

In blood, about _____% of O2 is bound to hemoglobin, compared to only about _____% for CO2.

Answer 28

99%

20%

Question 29

Decreasing blood pH ________ tissue oxygen unloading at the tissue level.

Answer 29

increases

Question 30

What 3 mechanisms regulate pHof the internal environment?

Answer 30

• renal function
• pulmonary ventilation
• chemical buffers

Question 31

T/F: According to Bassett & Howley (2000), VO2max is the best predictor of endurance performance.

Answer 31

True :)

Question 32

T/F:The term ventilatory threshold (Tvent) describes the point where pulmonary ventilation is tightly linked to oxygen demand at the cellular level.

Answer 32

False :(

*got this wrong on the quiz - don’t do that again

Question 33

The term ____ _____ is used to express the oxygen uptake needed to run at a given velocity. This can be shown by plotting oxygen uptake (mL·kg-1·min-1) versus running velocity (m·min-1) or by simply expressing it as the energy required per unit mass to cover a horizontal distance (mL O2·kg-1·km-1).

Answer 33

running economy

Question 34

According to the ACSM 2007 article, sweat electrolyte concentrations are:

• Sodium ~__ mEq·L−1
• Potassium averages __ mEq·L−1
• Calcium averages __ mEq·L−1
• Magnesium average __ mEq·L−1
• Chloride averages __ mEq·L−1

Answer 34

35
5
1
0.8
30

Question 35

The temperature control center is an area in the brain called the?

Answer 35

preoptic-anterior hypothalamus

Question 36

Exertional heat stroke is characterized by disorientation, confusion, dizziness, hysteria, hot sweaty skin, and a rectal temperature of __

Answer 36

> 40.5 degrees celsius

** DEFINITELY KNOW THIS **

Question 37

During exercise, what physical process accounts for the greatest body heat loss?

Answer 37

evaporation

Question 38

Exercise can elicit high sweat rates and substantial water and electrolyte losses during sustained exercise, particularly in ____ weather.

Answer 38

hot/warm

Question 39

T/F: There is considerable variability for water and electrolyte losses between individuals and between different activities.

Answer 39

true :)

Question 40

If sweat water and electrolyte losses are not replaced, then the person will _____.

Answer 40

dehydrate

Question 41

According to the ACSM 2007 article, dehydration >__% body weight (BW) degrades aerobic exercise and cognitive/mental performance in temperate-warm-hot environments.

Answer 41

2

Question 42

According to the ACSM 2007 article, individuals often achieve sweating rates from ____to____ L/hr

Answer 42

0. 5

2. 0

Question 43

During exercise in a hot environment, three major changes occur in muscle metabolism that contribute to muscle fatigue; list these changes.

Answer 43

1. increased radical production
2. decreased muscle pH
3. muscle glycogen depletion

Question 44

Explain accelerated muscle fatigue with regard to increased radical production.

Answer 44

During exercise in a hot environment, there is an increase in the production of free radicals that contribute to muscle fatigue. The free radicals produced during muscle contraction are highly reactive molecules that contain an unpaired electron in their outer orbital that allows them to rapidly react with muscle proteins resulting in oxidative damage. Therefore, the heat-induced increase in muscle radical production damages contractile proteins, resulting in reduced muscle force production and muscle fatigue

Question 45

Explain accelerated muscle fatigue with regard to decreased muscle pH

Answer 45

Increased lactate production during exercise in hot environments will cause a decrease in pH. Greater metabolism is needed to meet the increased ATp demands from the increasing body temperature creating lactate byproduct from increasing CO2 production.

Question 46

Explain accelerated muscle fatigue with regard to muscle glycogen depletion

Answer 46

The rate of muscle glycogen breakdown is increased during exercise in a hot environment. Muscle glycogen depletion contributes to muscular fatigue during prolonged exercise, so by increasing muscle glycogen breakdown you will consequently fatigue the muscle faster.

Question 47

The heat acclimation process is the best protection against exertional heatstroke and heat exhaustion. Heat acclimation involving exercise in the heat for 10-14 days accomplish the following five favourable adaptations:

Answer 47

1. Increase in plasma volume, skin blood flow, and sweating
2. Increase in VO2max, Cardiac Output max, and Power output and Lactate threshold
3. Decrease in body temperature and heart rate responses to submax exercise
4. Decreased salt loss in sweat and chance of sodium depletion
5. Increase in aerobic exercise performance