Quiz Questions Flashcards
The infant with an atrial septal defect will display:
a) a right-to left shunting of blood.
b) shunting of blood from the left atrial appendage into the right atrial appendage.
c) cyanosis.
d) a systolic ejection murmur due to the high volume of blood jetting through the defect.
e) a systolic ejection murmur due to high volume and high velocity flow through a normal pulmonary valve.
e) a systolic ejection murmur due to high volume and high velocity flow through a normal pulmonary valve.
Which of the following statements about the second heart sound of a patient with an ASD is correct?
a) The aortic and pulmonary components coincide and do not spit on inspiration.
b) The aortic and pulmonary components are reversed and show paradoxical splitting on inspiration.
c) The aortic and pulmonary components are reversed and the interval between them rises during inspiration.
d) The aortic and pulmonary components are widely split and inspiration does not tend to increase the interval any further.
e) The valve sound is no different from normal because neither of the two semilunar valves is the site of the anatomical defect.
d) The aortic and pulmonary components are widely split and inspiration does not tend to increase the interval any further.
A bicuspid aortic valve:
a) is a congenital defect that is expressed in infancy as a low cardiac output and loud systolic murmur.
b) is asymptomatic and sometimes is not diagnosed until complications appear in adult life.
c) causes a diastolic murmur.
d) leads to aortic insufficiency in the young adult due to prolapse of the remaining valve cusps.
e) is a rare congenital heart defect that is usually diagnosed in infancy.
b) is asymptomatic and sometimes is not diagnosed until complications appear in adult life.
A 23-year old female is diagnosed with an atrial septal defect. All of following would likely have been found during the clinical work-up except:
a) a murmur in the pulmonary area.
b) a fixed, widely split second heart sound.
c) detection of a step-up in the oxygen content of the blood as a catheter is passed from the right atrium to the right ventricle.
d) a high velocity of blood flow through both the tricuspid and pulmonary valves.
e) a higher oxygen content of blood in the right atrium when compared with blood sampled from a systemic vein.
c) detection of a step-up in the oxygen content of the blood as a catheter is passed from the right atrium to the right ventricle.
Atrial septal defects are often not diagnosed in infancy but when complications appear later in adult life. This is because:
a) murmurs are difficult to detect in children because the heart is further from the anterior wall of the chest.
b) the blood that shunts from left to right represents a volume overload that is well-tolerated by the right heart.
c) the thickened wall of the right ventricle muffles sounds produced by turbulent flow through the valves.
d) there is no murmur from blood flowing through the defect and no valve murmurs either.
b) the blood that shunts from left to right represents a volume overload that is well-tolerated by the right heart.
