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NASM CPT, 2025 > Quiz Questions > Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three overarching types of muscle actions?

A

Isotonic, isometric, and isokinetic

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2
Q

A joint having more range of motion than it should

A

Hypermobility

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3
Q

Describing a muscle action that occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening

A

Eccentric

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4
Q

The normal extensibility of soft tissues that allows for full range of joint motion

A

Flexibility

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5
Q

When range of motion at a joint is limited

A

Hypomobility

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6
Q

Describing a muscle action resulting in the shortening of a muscle

A

Concentric

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7
Q

Perform the opposite action of the prime mover

A

Antagonist

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8
Q

Muscles that act as the prime movers for a joint motion

A

Agonists

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9
Q

Contract isometrically to support and stabilize the joints

A

Stabilizer

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10
Q

Create forces to assist prime movers but are not intended as the primary
force producer

A

Synergist

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11
Q

TRUE OR FALSE? The primary characteristic of closed-chain movements is that the distal segments, such as the person’s hands or feet, are not fixed and are able to move freely.

A

False

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12
Q

What does the term force refer to?

A

The ability of one entity to act on another entity, causing acceleration or deceleration

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13
Q

When an agonist receives a signal to contract, its functional antagonist also receives an inhibitory signal allowing it to lengthen

A

Reciprocal inhibition

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14
Q

When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships

A

Muscle imbalance

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15
Q

When a muscle’s resting length is too short or too long, reducing the amount of force it can produce

A

Altered length-tension relationship

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16
Q

When an overactive agonist muscle decreases the neural drive to its functional antagonist

A

Altered reciprocal inhibition

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17
Q

The muscles of the lower leg, hamstrings, and low back region make up which of the following global muscular subsystems?

A

Deep longitudinal subsystem (DLS)

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18
Q

How repeated practice and experience of motor control processes leads to a relatively permanent change in skilled motor behavior

A

Motor learning

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19
Q

How skilled motor behavior changes over time throughout the life span

A

Motor development

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20
Q

How the human movement system responds to internal and external stimuli

A

Motor behavior

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21
Q

How the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response

A

Motor control

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22
Q

One of the most important concepts in motor control is that muscles are recruited by the nervous system in groups. What are these groups called?

A

Muscle synergies

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23
Q

What term refers to all the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain itself?

A

Metabolism

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24
Q

Of the 20 amino acids used by the human body, how many are called essential amino acids?

A

9

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25
For conversion purposes, how many calories equals 1 pound (about 0.5 kilogram) of body fat?
3,500 calories
26
Metabolic acidosis induced by very high levels of ketone bodies
Ketoacidosis
27
Isolated ketone bodies usually consumed in supplement form
Exogenous ketones
28
The inability of the cells to respond to insulin
Insulin resistance
29
A state of carbohydrate depletion where the liver manufactures ketone bodies to meet energy demands
Ketosis
30
What is the primary energy-providing molecule in the human body?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
31
What metabolic process that occurs in the cytosol of a cell is responsible for converting glucose into pyruvate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
Glycolysis
32
What term is used to describe the state in which the body’s metabolism is elevated after exercise?
Excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)
33
Any form of exercise can be defined by what two factors?
Intensity and duration
34
Energy expenditure through daily activities outside of structured exercise
Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)
35
The calories expended through structured exercise or training
Exercise activity thermogenesis (EAT)
36
The rate at which the body expends energy when fasted and at complete rest
Resting metabolic rate (RMR)
37
The energy required to digest, absorb, and process nutrients that are consumed
Thermic effect of food (TEF)
38
What term is used to describe the number of total calories expended per day divided by the resting metabolic expenditure?
Physical activity level (PAL)
39
TRUE of FALSE? The scope of practice for a fitness professional dictates that they can prescribe specific meal plans to clients.
False
40
What is the official term for a statement that maintains that a food has a specific nutritional property or provides a specific benefit?
Nutrition claim
41
An amino acid that must be obtained through the diet, as the body is not able to make it
Essential amino acid
42
Inorganic, natural substances, some of which are essential in human nutrition
Minerals
43
Organic building blocks of proteins containing both a carboxyl and an amino group
Amino acids
44
Organic compounds required in small quantities to support growth and metabolic processes
Vitamins
45
MATCH the energy-yielding unit with the appropriate amount of energy per gram: Protein = how many calories?
4 calories
46
MATCH the energy-yielding unit with the appropriate amount of energy per gram: Lipid = how many calories?
9 calories
47
MATCH the energy-yielding unit with the appropriate amount of energy per gram: Alcohol = how many calories?
7 calories
48
What term is used to describe a protein source that provides all essential amino acids?
Complete protein
49
The storage form of carbohydrate in plants
Starch
50
Two monosaccharides joined together to form a simple sugar
Disaccharides
51
The simplest form of carbohydrate; single sugar molecules
Monosaccharides
52
Carbohydrates composed of long chains of glucose units
Polysaccharides
53
What are the two categories of fiber?
Soluble and insoluble
54
What term describes the measure of how quickly a carbohydrate will raise an individual’s glucose levels when consumed on its own, irrespective of the amount eaten?
Glycemic index
55
The chemical substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body
Triglycerides
56
A type of fat comprised of glycerol, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group
Phospholipids
57
A group of fats with a ringlike structure
Sterols
58
A type of fat which has no double bonds in its chemical structure
Saturated fats
59
What is the optimal ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids in the diet?
About 4:1
60
What enzyme is responsible for most of the breakdown of ingested lipids into fatty acids?
Lipoprotein lipase
61
What is a fat-soluble vitamin?
Vitamin K
62
What is a major mineral?
Calcium
63
A solution with a solute load/concentration similar to that of body fluids
Isotonic
64
A solution with a lower solute load/concentration than body fluids
Hypotonic
65
A solution with a higher solute load/concentration than body fluids
Hypertonic
66
Which law of thermodynamics states that energy in a system cannot be created or destroyed but can only be converted from one form to another?
The first law of thermodynamics
67
What term is used to describe metabolic adaptations and changes in energy expenditure as a result of changes in energy intake?
Adaptive thermogenesis
68
For most consumers, which of the following are the two most informative features of a food label?
The nutrition facts label and the ingredients list
69
What reference value is used on labels in the United Kingdom and the European Union, but not in the United States?
Percent reference intake (% RI)
70
Hypertrophy
Enlargement of an organ or tissue; in the context of fitness, it is often used to describe the enlargement of skeletal muscle.
71
Which of the following is required for fat loss?
A net deficit in caloric intake
72
daily intake recommended for muscle gain: PROTEIN
1.6 to 2.2 g/kg of body weight
73
daily intake recommended for muscle gain: FAT
20 to 35% of total calories
74
When did modern-day nutritional supplements originate?
1940s
75
Where was the first multivitamin product developed?
China
76
Who enforces guidelines for dietary supplements in the United States?
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
77

NASM CPT, 2025 (10 decks)

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