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EDUC220 Final > Quiz Questions > Flashcards

Quiz Questions Flashcards

1
Q

assembling items of information into larger units of knowledge is called ____

A

chunking

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2
Q

knowing how to tie shoelaces is an example of _____ knowledge

A

procedural

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3
Q

practicing a skill in one extended session is called _____ practice

A

massed

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4
Q

a schema that represents a typical sequence of actions is called a _____

A

script

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5
Q

knowledge of how to manage your learning is called _____ knowledge

A

self-regulatory

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6
Q

the part of working memory that holds images is called the _____

A

visuospatial sketchpad

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7
Q

unnecessary load on working memory that could be avoided by redesigning the learning activity is called _____ cognitive load

A

extraneous

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8
Q

providing a stimulus that will unconsciously activate a related concept in memory is called _____

A

priming

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9
Q

the part of working memory that holds words and sounds is called the _____

A

phonological loop

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10
Q

reading the word “chocolate” increases the chance we will think of the words bar, milk, and chip. the underlying reason for this is _____ activation

A

spreading

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11
Q

techniques that help us to memorize information by linking it to more meaningful concepts or images are called _____

A

mnemonics

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12
Q

the mental resources required to complete a task constitute the _____ of the task

A

cognitive load

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13
Q

the location in working memory where auditory and visual information are brought together is the _____

A

episodic buffer

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14
Q

verbally represented memories such as facts are _____ knowledge

A

declarative

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15
Q

the theory that processing information more deeply increases how much we remember is the _____ theory

A

levels of processing

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16
Q

consciously linking new information to prior knowledge is called _____

A

elaboration

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17
Q

rehearsing knowledge in several, brief sessions separated by time is called _____

A

distributed

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18
Q

a cognitive structure that specifies relationships between concepts is called a _____

A

schema

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19
Q

load on working memory that directly generates deep learning is called _____ cognitive load

A

germane

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20
Q

a memory we are not aware of that unconsciously influences our behaviour is an _____ memory

A

implicit

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21
Q

the positive or negative effects of prior knowledge on performance of new tasks is called _____

A

transfer

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22
Q

attending only to information that fits with one’s beliefs is called _____

A

confirmation bias

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23
Q

an architect who solves an urban design problem by noting similarities between bacteria and people living in cities is using _____ thinking

A

analogical

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24
Q

solving a problem by starting with the goal and working backwards is called the _____ strategy

A

working backward

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25
Q

evaluating ideas by systematically examining the arguments for and against them is called _____ thinking

A

critical

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26
Q

taking about how to solve a particular problem is called _____

A

verbalization

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27
Q

knowledge or awareness of our own thinking is called _____

A

metacognition

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28
Q

holding on to beliefs in the face of contradicting evidence is called belief _____

A

perserverance

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29
Q

procedures or heuristics for achieving learning goals are called learning _____

A

strategies

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30
Q

a procedure that is guaranteed to solve a problem is called an _____

A

algorithm

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31
Q

the heuristic that leads us to base judgements on prototypes of concepts is called the _____ heuristic

A

representativeness

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32
Q

failing to see how a commonly used tool can be used in a new way is called _____

A

functional fixedness

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33
Q

a guideline or rule of thumb that helps in solving complex problems is called a _____

A

heuristic

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34
Q

the three question learning strategy that can guide students in reading and inquiry activities is called _____

A

KWL

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35
Q

the tendency to respond inflexibly and in the most familiar way possible is called _____

A

response set

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36
Q

the heuristic that leads us to base judgements on what concepts happen to be cognitively activated is called the _____

A

availability heuristic

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37
Q

instances when we know learning strategies but fail to use them are called _____

A

production deficiencies

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38
Q

if you divide the goal of a problem into subgoals and then try to solve the subgoals, you are using _____ analysis

A

means-end

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39
Q

recognizing a new problem as similar to a problem you already know how to solve is called _____ problem solving

A

schema-driven

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40
Q

the process of supporting a claim with reasons and evidence is called _____

A

argumentation

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41
Q

the term for students working together collaboratively in groups (often with an assigned role for each student) on short-term tasks assigned by a teacher is _____ learning

A

cooperative

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42
Q

in a _____, the education system introduces basic ideas about each subject in the early grades and then returns to the subjects several times in later grades to develop more complex knowledge of those subjects

A

spiral curriculum

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43
Q

the type of constructivism which emphasizes the development of shared bodies of knowledge such as science or history is called _____

A

constructionism

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44
Q

the type of collaborative learning in which each group is made of two pairs who research and present opposing sides of an issue is called _____

A

structured controversy

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45
Q

the method described by Dewey in which students investigate a phenomenon by gathering and interpreting data is called _____ learning

A

inquiry

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46
Q

the type of collaborative learning in which the teacher gradually transfers responsibility for summarizing, questioning, and clarifying text to students working in groups is called _____

A

reciprocal teaching

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47
Q

the type of constructivism which maintains theres no single, absolute reality or truth and instead that there are multiple realities corresponding to individual’s beliefs is called _____ constructivism

A

radical

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48
Q

a group of people forming a social context within which knowledge is constructed and used is called a _____

A

community of practice

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49
Q

an interdisciplinary approach to researching learning based on psychology, education, computer science, anthropology, neuroscience, and other fields is called the _____

A

learning sciences

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50
Q

the type of constructivism which emphasizes the active role learners play in constructing their knowledge is called _____ constructivism

A

first wave

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51
Q

the idea that knowledge is tightly bound to the context in which it was learned is called _____

A

situated learning

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52
Q

the theory that our knowledge and thinking is rooted in the way our bodies sense and act upon the world is called _____ cognition

A

embodied

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53
Q

training students to use question stems and then having them work in groups to question eachother about reading materials is called _____

A

reciprocal questioning

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54
Q

learning materials that show different examples, perspectives, or analogies relating to an idea are said to provide _____

A

multiple representations of content

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55
Q

the type of cooperative learning in which each group member has been previously trained as an expert on one aspect of the topic is called the _____

A

jigsaw classrom

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56
Q

collaborative, inquiry learning in which students find solutions for real-life challenges is called _____

A

problem-based learning

57
Q

co-constructing knowledge by adopting an intersubjective attitude and comparing and resolving differences in participant’s beliefs is called _____

A

social negotiation

58
Q

a social role in which a novice acquires mental skills by working alongside an expert practitioner is called _____

A

cognitive apprenticeship

59
Q

the idea that learners actively build knowledge is called _____

A

constructivism

60
Q

another term for observational learning is _____

A

modelling

61
Q

analyzing a learning task, setting goals for the task, monitoring performance, and modifying learning strategies are all part of _____

A

self-regulated learning

62
Q

the sentence “you will succeed if you put in the effort” is an example of _____

A

social persuasion

63
Q

a person’s belief about their ability to successfully perform a particular task is called self- _____

A

efficacy

64
Q

the willpower needed for self-regulation is called _____

A

volition

65
Q

an internal state producing feelings of alertness, excitement, or tension is called _____

A

arousal

66
Q

the spread of a behaviour through a group of people through peer modelling is called the _____

A

ripple effect

67
Q

bandura’s later theory that incorporates self-efficacy and other internal factors is called _____

A

social cognitive theory

68
Q

modelling, verbal guidance, self-instruction, and self-instructing using covert speech are all parts of cognitive _____

A

behaviour modification

69
Q

controlling one’s own thoughts, behaviours, and emotions to reach a goal is called self-_____

A

regulation

70
Q

successfully solving a math problem and drawing a portrait are _____ experiences

A

mastery

71
Q

the interaction of personal, environmental, and behavioural factors is called _____

A

triarchic reciprocal

72
Q

observing another person successfully complete a task a _____

A

vicarious experience

73
Q

students collaborating to regulate eachother is called _____ regulation

A

shared

74
Q

a phase in developing self-regulatory skills in which students recieve coaching, instruction, modelling, or scaffolding from others is called _____

A

co-regulation

75
Q

the ability to take intentional action to achieve goals (and the belief that one has such ability) is called _____

A

human agency

76
Q

reinforcement recieved by a model that increases the frequency of an observer’s behaviour is called _____ reinforcement

A

vicarious

77
Q

guiding yourself through a task using self-talk is called self-_____

A

instruction

78
Q

the type of constructivism which emphasizes the role of social interactions and culture in learning is called _____ constructivism

A

second wave

79
Q

theories of motivation that focus on relationships and participation within communities of practice are called ______

A

sociocultural views of motivation

80
Q

deci and ryan’s theory about the effects of rewards, deadlines, and grades on student motivation is called _____ theory

A

self-determination

81
Q

rewards that are added to induce a student to perform a task are said to elicit _____ motivation

A

extrinsic

82
Q

theories like Weiner’s that deal with how people’s explanations for success and failure determine their motivation are called _____ theories

A

attribution

83
Q

work avoidance and mastery are two different examples of _____ orientations

A

goal

84
Q

the intention to learn and improve, regardless of how one is seen by others is a _____ goal

A

mastery

85
Q

the intention to demonstrate one’s competence to others is a _____ goal

A

performance

86
Q

theories that combine percieved probability value of an outcome are called _____

A

expectancy x value theories

87
Q

deci and ryan’s self-determination theory is an example of a _____ interpretation of motivation

A

humanistic

88
Q

students who think they will always fail because they have permanently low ability are called _____ students

A

failure-accepting

89
Q

one’s beliefs about the structure of knowledge and about the certainty of knowledge are two separate examples of _____

A

epistemological beliefs

90
Q

to understand whether a behaviour is intrinsically or extrinsically motivated we may need students to give us reasons for their actions, knowing the students reasons helps us identify the _____ for the actions

A

locus of causality

91
Q

a learning activity that is similar to what is encountered in real-life situations is called an _____ task

A

authentic

92
Q

students who adopt self-handicapping strategies are usually _____ students

A

failure-avoiding

93
Q

task-involved students who see ability as improvable are _____ students

A

mastery oriented

94
Q

tasks that are themselves rewarding are said to elicit _____ motivation

A

intrinsic

95
Q

the different goals of a) belonging to a group, and b) bringing honour to your school by succeeding in a contest are two examples of _____ goals

A

social

96
Q

according to johnson and johnson, the _____ of a learning task is either cooperative, competitive, or individualistic

A

goal structure

97
Q

at the core of self-determination theory is individual’s desire to control their own actions, free of external inducements, this desire is called the need for _____

A

autonomy

98
Q

a novice’s genuine participation within a work group, even if it is only a minor contribution, is called _____ participation

A

legitimate peripheral

99
Q

knowing how to teach a particular subject in a way that accounts for student differences is called _____ knowledge

A

pedagogical content

100
Q

a method of teaching developed by lun corno that provides a continuum of support (more support for novice learners and less support for advanced learners) is called _____ teaching

A

adaptive

101
Q

an introductory message that activates existing schema or introduces important new information is called _____

A

advance organizer

102
Q

individually completing math problems at one’s classroom desk is an example of _____

A

seatwork

103
Q

questions that have a single correct answer are called _____ questions

A

converget

104
Q

a teacher’s higher expectations for a student that sometimes produce greater academic achievement, this is called the _____ effect

A

pygmalion

105
Q

a grouping system in which groups are continuously formed and re-formed according to learning activities and assessed learning needs is called _____ grouping

A

flexible

106
Q

when a teacher has expectations for a student that are initially accurate but are not updated as the student learns, further progress by the student may be hindered, this is called the ____ effect

A

sustaining expectation

107
Q

teaching that clearly presents new information, provides guided practice, objectively assesses student learning, and supplies specific remedial feedback is called _____ or _____

A

direct instruction, explicit teaching

108
Q

a grouping system in which a class is divided so that the members of each group have similar ability levels is called _____ grouping

A

within-class ability

109
Q

the design approach in which a group of teachers develops a lesson, makes a video of one of them teaching the lesson, analyses the video, and then refines the lesson is called _____

A

lesson study

110
Q

questions that do not have a single correct answer are called _____ questions

A

divergent

111
Q

precise descriptions of what students are intended to learn as a result of an activity are called _____

A

instructional objectives

112
Q

the portion of blooms taxonomy that deals with attitudes, tastes, preferences, and emotions is called the _____ domain

A

affective

113
Q

the strategy in which a pair of learners takes turns summarizing the material and correcting the summary is called _____

A

scripted cooperation

114
Q

sometimes, a groundless expectation held by a teacher about a student can cause behaviour which makes the expectation come true, this is called the _____

A

self-fulfilling prophecy

115
Q

the portion of blooms taxonomy that deals with memory and reasoning is called the _____ domain

A

cognitive

116
Q

instruction that is adjusted to fit student’s capabilities and prior knowledge is called ______ instruction

A

differentiated

117
Q

a classification system is a ______

A

taxonomy

118
Q

the portion of blooms taxonomy that deals with physical skills is called the _____ domain

A

psychomotor

119
Q

a measure that indicates how spread out scores are around the mean is called the _____

A

standard deviation

120
Q

assessments in which teachers score students computer programs or poetry readings are examples of _____ assessments

A

performance

121
Q

assessments in which the tasks simulate situations encountered in real life are called _____ assessments

A

authentic

122
Q

when standardized testing produces results that have significant impact on the lives of students and decisions made by teachers and school administrators it is called _____ testing

A

high-stakes

123
Q

assessment intended to help students learn what they are currently studying is called _____ assessment

A

formative

124
Q

assessment following instruction that describes what the student learned is called _____ assessment

A

summative

125
Q

an assessment expressed as a number is called a _____

A

measurement

126
Q

the choices in a multiple choice question that are wrong are called _____

A

distractors

127
Q

guidelines and examples that are used to grade a student’s performance are called _____

A

scoring rubrics

128
Q

how well test scores represent students actual ability levels is called _____

A

validity

129
Q

the consistency of test scores is called _____

A

reliability

130
Q

the top or question part of a multiple choice item is called the _____

A

stem

131
Q

scores based on a standard deviation are called _____ scores

A

standard

132
Q

tests given to a large number of students such that the administration and scoring is the same within each test are called _____ tests

A

standardized

133
Q

any process that produces descriptions of student academic performance is called _____

A

assessment

134
Q

testing designed to compare as students performance to the performance of others is called _____ testing

A

norm-referenced

135
Q

a collection of students work in one subject that demonstrates learning in that subject is called a _____

A

portfolio

136
Q

testing designed to compare a students performance to learning objectives or standards is called _____ testing

A

criterion-referenced

137
Q

the tendency of a test to penalize or underestimate the ability of a particular group of students (eg. low SES) is called _____

A

assessment bias

138
Q

a range of test scores for a student that likely includes the student’s true score is called a _____

A

confidence interval

EDUC220 Final (8 decks)

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