QUIZ QS Flashcards
_____can be defined as avariation in air pressure
sound (wave
a sound wave is _______wave. in which movement of ait particles are in the same direction of the wave
longitudinal
in contrast, a wave which movement of indv particles is at a right angle (90 degrees) to the direction of the wave is a ______wave (e.g. elctro magnetic waveeeee).
transverse
however, it is possible to provide a visual representation of a sound wave in the form of a transverse wave. such a visualization is called _______: a graph showing how airpressure changes with time
waveform
another visual representation of a sound wave is a _______, which represents the internal structure of a sound with a set of dots (or set of vertical lines) in a two- dimensional space
spectra
commonly used unit in frequency in phonetics
HZ
commonly used unit of intensity in phonetics is___
dB
what kind of sound does a voiceless stop make
transient sound
what kind of sound does a voiced stop make
transient sound
what kind of sound does a foiceless fricative make [f]
aperiodic sound
what kind of sound does a voiced fric make [v]
periodic, complex sound
what kind of sound does a vowel make [i]
periodic, complex sound
there can be no sound in a vacuum t/f
true
sound travels fasteer in the air than underwater t/f
false
OX when the frequency of a sound wave increases, it sounds higher
true
ox when the amplitude of a sound wave increases, it sounds louder
true
frequency and amplitude are dependent upon each other tf
f. they are independent
when frequency is doubled, the pitch infreases four times
false 1:1 relationship
when the amplitude is doubled, the loudness increases by four times.
true. change in air pressure= pascal
a _______presents the sound as a unified entity.
waveform
a _____________presents the individual sine wave components of the sound over timeeeee
spectogram
the horizontal axis of a waveform represents
time
the vertical axis of a waveform represents
amplitude or intensity
the horizontal axis of a spectrum represents
frequency
the vertical axis of a spectrum
intensity
the horizontal axis of a spectrogram
time
the vertical of a spectrogram
frequency
a vowel is almost always identified by their ____ which are dark horizontal bars on the spectrogram.
formants
a consonant is almost always identified by the spectrogram as their constricion interval. tf
false, its not always consistent. remember interval.
the thin white vertical bars (=striations) on the spectrogram indicate that the sound is:
voiced
the source of allllll speech sounds id the vibration of the vocal folds t/f
false.
1.vocal fold vibration.
2. air turbulence (narrow passage)
3. sudden changes of air pressure (stop sound).
nasal stops are transient waves t/f
false. only oral stops are transient waves. you cna continuously name nasal stops.
voiceless consonants have shorter constriction that their voiced counterparts
false
a negative vot means a voiceless stop
false when the voicing starts for the vowel. starts following a vowel. and releases after a stop
obtruents include stops fricatives and affricates
ture. affricates are stops + fricatives.
sonorants include nasals, liquids, and glides
true
approximants include nasals liquids and glides
fals. glides are approximants only.
if the f3 is very low in the formant transition of the adjacent vowel, the sound in question is likely to be
r
if the high frequency region is darker than the low frequency region the sound in question is likely to be a f or s
/s/ sibilant?
lowering the tongue reults in increased f1
true
fronting the tongue results in increased f2
true.
the source for vowel production is the vibrating
vocal folds
the filter for vowel production is the shaping of the
vocal tract
the pitch of the vowel is determined at the level of the
source
the quality of the vowel )=distinction between different vowel sounds) is determined at the level of the
filter
we can change the sound filter by varying the position of the ______which results in producing different vowels. or by raising and lowering the ____ which results in oral and nasal
i think the tongue, and definitely raising and lowering the velum
in the output spectrum, the vertical lines(=sine wave component frewuencies are called
harmonicccccs
in the output spectrum the peaks (= resonant frequencies, not the vertical lines) are called
formants
f0 is the 0th formant true or false
false its the first harmonix
if the first harmonic is 220Hz the second harmonic is 440HZ true or false
true. it starts at 220 and therefore must be harmonics of it then too
if the first harmonic is 500 Hz the second formant is 1000Hz
true
the source decide the harmonics and the filter decides the formants.
true.
when the slope of the source spectrum is steeper, the output sound is _____
breathy, softer
the longer the vocal tract, the higher the formant frequencies
false. shorter the vocal tract= shorter the higher frequencies
harmonic frequencies are evenly spaced
true
formant frequencies are evenly spaced
false
fundamental f0 frequency is the means the first formant
false. its the forse harmonic.
