Quiz One ch.14 &15 Flashcards
What is Homeostasis?
Constant internal equilibirum in a system involving positive and negative feedback
Risk factors of homeostasis
- age
- health problems
- environmental factors
- diet & lifestyle
- medicaions
Approximately what percentage is an adults weight in fluids (water & electrolytes)?
Infants?
Elderly?
60%
80%
55%
What are the 3 factors that influnece your amount of body fluid?
- age
- gender
- body fat
why do obese people have less body fluid than those who are thin?
because fat cells contain little water
who has more body fluid, men or women?
men
Body fluid is located in which 2 fluid compartments?
- intracellular space (fluid in the cells) (most stable)
- extracellular space (fluid outside the cells) (least stable)
How much fluid is in the intracellular fluid?
How much fluid is in the extracellular fluid?
- 2/3
- 1/3
What are electrolytes?
active chemicals (cations +, & anions -)
Name 4 cations
- Sodium (Na+)
- Potassium (K+)
- Magnesium (Mg ++)
- Calcium (Ca++)
Name 4 anions
- Chloride (Cl-)
- Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
- Phosphate (HPO4-)
- Sulfate (SO4-)
What is the major cation in ECF?
What is the major cation in ICF?
- Sodium (Na+)
- Potassium (K+)
Movement through capillary walls in driven by what 2 forces?
- hydrostatic pressure
- osmotic pressure
what is hydrostatic pressure?
the pressure exerted by the fluid on the walls of the blood vessels
Osmotic Pressure?
“pulling” pressure exerted by the protein in plasma (ex: cirrhosis)
Diffusion?
Does is use energy?
high to low, low to high?
no energy
high to low until equal
fascilitated diffusion?
high to low? low to high?
protein carrier that facilitates the process
high to low
Osmosis?
high to low? low to high?
energy?
when fluid moves across a semipermeable membrane
low to high
uses energy
What is an isotonic solution?
a solution with the same osmolality (concentration) as serum and other body fluids
Osmolality of serum?
Osmolality of urine?
280-300 mOsm/kg
50-1200 mOsm/kg
What is an indication of an isotonic fluid?
complications?
examples?
hypotension, hypovolemia
fluid overload
0.9NS, Lactated Ringers
Indications of hypotonic fluids?
complications?
Examples:
Intravascular- into the cells
Indications: dehydration, DKA (hyperglycemia)
Complications: contraindicated in acute brain injury
EX: 0.45%(1/2) NS, D5W (isotonic bottle but hypotonic in body)
Hypertonic fluid?
Indications?
complications?
examples?
Hypertonic Fluid: Pull from the cells out
Indications: stabilize BP, increase urine output, reduce edema, sodium levels < 115
Complications: intravascular overload, pulmonary edema
Examples: D5.045%NS; D5.09%NS
3% saline/ 5 % saline, 10% and 50% dextrose (diabetic
patient), blood products, albumin
