Quiz One ch.14 &15

Question 2

What is Homeostasis?

Answer 2

Constant internal equilibirum in a system involving positive and negative feedback

Question 3

Risk factors of homeostasis

Answer 3

1. age
2. health problems
3. environmental factors
4. diet & lifestyle
5. medicaions

Question 4

Approximately what percentage is an adults weight in fluids (water & electrolytes)?

Infants?

Elderly?

Answer 4

60%

80%

55%

Question 5

What are the 3 factors that influnece your amount of body fluid?

Answer 5

1. age
2. gender
3. body fat

Question 6

why do obese people have less body fluid than those who are thin?

Answer 6

because fat cells contain little water

Question 7

who has more body fluid, men or women?

Answer 7

men

Question 8

Body fluid is located in which 2 fluid compartments?

Answer 8

1. intracellular space (fluid in the cells) (most stable)
2. extracellular space (fluid outside the cells) (least stable)

Question 9

How much fluid is in the intracellular fluid?

How much fluid is in the extracellular fluid?

Answer 9

1. 2/3
2. 1/3

Question 10

What are electrolytes?

Answer 10

active chemicals (cations +, & anions -)

Question 11

Name 4 cations

Answer 11

• Sodium (Na+)
• Potassium (K+)
• Magnesium (Mg ++)
• Calcium (Ca++)

Question 12

Name 4 anions

Answer 12

• Chloride (Cl-)
• Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
• Phosphate (HPO4-)
• Sulfate (SO4-)

Question 13

What is the major cation in ECF?

What is the major cation in ICF?

Answer 13

• Sodium (Na+)
• Potassium (K+)

Question 14

Movement through capillary walls in driven by what 2 forces?

Answer 14

1. hydrostatic pressure
2. osmotic pressure

Question 15

what is hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 15

the pressure exerted by the fluid on the walls of the blood vessels

Question 16

Osmotic Pressure?

Answer 16

“pulling” pressure exerted by the protein in plasma (ex: cirrhosis)

Question 17

Diffusion?

Does is use energy?

high to low, low to high?

Answer 17

no energy

high to low until equal

Question 18

fascilitated diffusion?

high to low? low to high?

Answer 18

protein carrier that facilitates the process

high to low

Question 19

Osmosis?

high to low? low to high?

energy?

Answer 19

when fluid moves across a semipermeable membrane

low to high

uses energy

Question 20

What is an isotonic solution?

Answer 20

a solution with the same osmolality (concentration) as serum and other body fluids

Question 21

Osmolality of serum?

Osmolality of urine?

Answer 21

280-300 mOsm/kg

50-1200 mOsm/kg

Question 22

What is an indication of an isotonic fluid?

complications?

examples?

Answer 22

hypotension, hypovolemia

fluid overload

0.9NS, Lactated Ringers

Question 23

Indications of hypotonic fluids?

complications?

Examples:

Answer 23

Intravascular- into the cells
Indications: dehydration, DKA (hyperglycemia)

Complications: contraindicated in acute brain injury

EX: 0.45%(1/2) NS, D5W (isotonic bottle but hypotonic in body)

Question 24

Hypertonic fluid?

Indications?

complications?

examples?

Answer 24

Hypertonic Fluid: Pull from the cells out

Indications: stabilize BP, increase urine output, reduce edema, sodium levels < 115

Complications: intravascular overload, pulmonary edema

Examples: D5.045%NS; D5.09%NS
3% saline/ 5 % saline, 10% and 50% dextrose (diabetic
patient), blood products, albumin