Quiz One Flashcards
prevalence of gingivitis in the U.S. school aged children
40-60%
prevalence of gingivitis in the U.S. males ages 18-64
47%
prevalence of gingivitis in the U.S. females ages 18-64
39%
prevalence of periodontitis in the U.S. adults age 30 or older have periodontitis
42.2% 7.8% is severe 34.4% is nonsevere
prevalence of periodontitis in the U.S. adults age 45-54
14%
prevalence of periodontitis in the U.S. adults age 65-74
23%
___ are more likely to have periodontitis than ___
Men are more likely to have periodontitis than women
% of smokers with periodontal disease
Smokers 62.4%
THEORY Prior to 1980:
Continuous Progression Theory
THEORY After the 1980s:
Intermittent Progression Theory
THEORY 1990s and up:
Multifactorial model
Epidemiologic studies to identify disease in a population
Measure the amount and severity of a disease
Periodontal research (clinical trials) to make comparisons
Monitor progress
The purpose of Indices in dentistry
Clinical uses for Plaque Index
Used as a measurement tool for the provider and a learning tool for the patient. Gives a numerical value of a goal
In healthy individuals you will find mostly gram _____ bacteria and cocci. As you get more and more disease the bacteria start changing from ____ to _____ and from cocci- to rods/spirochetes.
healthy = gram positive bacteria and cocci. more disease the bacteria start changing from positive to negative and from cocci- to rods/spirochetes.
Systemic factors Genetic factors Systemic Medications SES Lifestyle habits/social behaviors Dental History
Risk Factors in PRA to be able to ID
Risk Factors in PRA: Systemic factors
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Risk Factors in PRA: Genetic factors Neutropenia leads to
Neutropenia (very rare blood disorder) -Congenital or developed -Patients are immunocompromised -Higher plaque scores, bleeding, inflammation and bone loss due to lack of platelets
Risk Factors in PRA: Systemic Medications Antihypertensive results in
Gingival inflammation
Risk Factors in PRA: SES
Stress Low SES Access to care Oral health literacy
Risk Factors in PRA: Lifestyle habits/social behaviors
Smoking, smokeless tobacco Alcohol Drug use Oral self care Diet/nutrition Obesity
Risk Factors in PRA: Dental History
CC Previous periodontal care Existing restorations Occlusion/malocclusion Alignment Orthodontic care
Risk Factors in PRA: Genetic factors Down syndrome leads to
Rapid destruction 58-96% have periodontitis
Risk Factors in PRA: Systemic Medications Anticonvulsant, CCB, Immunosuppressives result in
Gingival overgrowth
Risk Factors in PRA: Systemic Medications Antianxiety results in
Increase in biofilm formation
Which disease causes: Connective tissue destruction and bone loss Poor wound healing High blood glucose Host inflammatory response to microbes
Diabetes Mellitus
Which systemic condition causes: Inflammation of the gingiva Gingival enlargement Oral infections
Leukemia
What condition would exhibit: Linear gingival erythema
AIDS
Hormonal fluctuations - Puberty Boys vs girls - who has more gingivitis
Boys have more gingivitis
How can Hormonal fluctuations with Pregnancy affect periodontal disease?
Pregnancy gingivitis Pregnancy tumor
How do systemic factors affect periodontal disease? Hormonal fluctuations - Menopause
Menopausal gingivostomatitis
Be able to calculate clinical attachment loss using pocket depth and recession/gingival growth
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Which Immune System: What we are born with
Innate
Which Immune System: Has the ability to recognize pathogens and eliminate them
Innate
Which Immune System: The complement system is important because it helps antibodies in fighting off infection and controlling inflammation through 21 plasma proteins
Innate
Which Immune System: Secondary immune system-developed
Adaptive
Which Immune System: Helps when the other immune system fails
Adaptive
Which Immune System: Uses B-cells to manufacture antibodies that protect against antigens
Adaptive
Which Immune System: It takes more than five days to develop an antibody response
Adaptive
What cells are associated with periodontal bone resorption? (OCCCP)
Osteoclasts Cytokine IL-1 Cytokine IL-6 Cytokine IL-8 Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)
Cytokine IL’s involved in periodontal bone resorption
1, 6, 8
Know the names of bacteria that are associated with periodontal disease.
BIG OLE LIST IN THE STUDY GUIDE
biofilm and the host response: Can produce MMPs
PMN’s (Polymorphonuclear leukocyte)
biofilm and the host response: Part of the innate immune system
Complement System
biofilm and the host response:
Functions of the Complement System
Work with antibodies
Destruction of pathogens
Opsonization of Pathogens
Recruitment of Phagocytes
Immune Clearance
biofilm and the host response: Endotoxins
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WHICH CYTOKIN (Inflammatory Mediator)
Stimulates osteoclast activity = bone resorption
Cytokin IL-1
WHICH CYTOKIN (Inflammatory Mediator):
Stimulates bone resorption
Inhibits bone formation
Cytokin IL-6
WHICH CYTOKIN (Inflammatory Mediator)
Stimulates connective tissue destruction Stimulates bone resorption
Cytokin IL-8
WHICH Inflammatory Mediator:
Stimulates MMP secretion
Stimulates bone resorption
PGE2
WHICH Inflammatory Mediator:
Breakdown of collagen matrix in gingiva, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone
MMP Enzymes
biofilm and the host response:
Function of the Slime Layer
A layer around a biofilm during the maturation phase Protective layer
biofilm and the host response:
Aerobic Bacteria
Need Oxygen to survive Usually found supragingival or near the channels in the biofilm
biofilm and the host response:
Anaerobic Bacteria
Does not need oxygen to survive Usually found subgingivally or in the middle of the biofilm
biofilm and the host response:
Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria
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biofilm and the host response:
Innocuous Bacteria
Good bacteria <3
biofilm and the host response:
Pathogenic Bacteria
Bad bacteria :(
What immune cells are phagocytic? (5) NMMMD
Neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells and mast cells
ACUTE inflammation: cardinal signs of inflammation
Heat Redness Loss of function Pain Swelling
Study Acute and Chronic Inflammation at the cellular level ***
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Clinical signs of Chronic Inflammation
No symptoms, may present with “healthy”/stippled looking gingiva. Gingiva will appear fibrotic Cardinal signs may be absent or negligible
Grade modifiers (2)
Smoking, Diabetes and the severity of both
Factors are correlated with the prevalence of periodontal disease (3)
Demographic Factors Genetics Other
Factors are correlated with the prevalence of periodontal disease - Demographic factors
Age Gender Race Socio-economic status Barriers to care
Factors are correlated with the prevalence of periodontal disease - Genetics
Presence of systemic disease (Diabetes) Tooth morphology/bone Long and thin roots vs short and wide Root surface grooves Bone level Number of teeth
Factors are correlated with the prevalence of periodontal disease - Other
Diet Oral hygiene Tobacco
study of health and disease within a population. All factors that influence health (behavioral, environmental, and genetic risk factors)
epidemiology
The number of new cases within a population
incidence
The total of all cases (new and old)
prevalence
Functional dentition, junctional epithelium is coronal to CEJ
periodontal health
REMINDER - in previous years, a good chunk of the quiz info came from the VoiceThread lectures in their weeks 3 and 4. We have VoiceThreads week 3 and 5, but also review week 4 in general.
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