Quiz 3: Ultrasonic/Implants Flashcards
Why is water used for ultrasonic? (5)
Irrigation, cools instruments, cavitation, acoustic microstreaming, acoustic turbulence
what is: fluid lavage penetrates base of pocket
irrigation
what is: forms bubbles/destroys bacteria
cavitation
what is: the static pressure of the liquid reduces to below the liquid’s vapour pressure, leading to the formation of small vapor-filled cavities in the liquid
cavitation
what is: very fast vibrations of the working end, fracturing calc
mechanical
what is: procedure to remove small amounts of plaque from between the teeth and gums, done with a small, handheld tool known as a pocket or oral irrigator
irrigation
purpose of irrigation:
Used to reduce gingivitis, bleeding and number of pathogens in sulcus
what is:
- ultrasonic waves cause unidirectional fluid
- Forceful flow of cavitating fluid
- Enhances effectiveness beyond surface touched by oscillating instrument tip
acoustic microstreaming
what is: washing out a body cavity with a medicated water solution
lavage
what is: the number of times per second the insert tip moves back and forth in one cycle
frequency
frequency affects: (2)
affects the active tip area (higher tip area - smaller active tip area)
stroke measured in
H
Hertz units
Hz
what is: how far the working end moves back and forth during one cycle
amplitude
power level relates to
amplitude
= short, less powerful strokes ex: light calculus deposits, plaque biofilm, removal of endotoxins
lower power
= longer, more powerful strokes ex: heavy calculus removal
higher power
the ability to increase or decrease the stroke (amplitude)
power setting
***power setting should be placed at the ______ effective setting to avoid patient discomfort and damage to the tooth structure
lowest
scaler that is driven by compressed air
sonic scalers
scaler that is driven by electrical energy
ultrasonic scalers
both electrical energy and compressed air lead to
high frequency sound waves
sonic vs ultrasonic: tip rotates and all sides are effective
sonic
sonic vs ultrasonic: lateral sides active (2-4mm)
ultrasonic (piezoelectric)
sonic vs ultrasonic: minimal heat generated
sonic - little water needed to lavage
piezoelectric vs magnetostrictice ultrasonic: 25,000-50,000 cps
piezo
piezoelectric vs magnetostrictice ultrasonic: 18,000-45,000cps
magneto
ultrasonic scaler with all sides active:
magneto and sonic
ultrasonic scaler with later sides active:
piezo
piezoelectric vs magnetostrictice ultrasonic: activated by change in crystals (handpiece with interchangeable TIPS)
piezo
piezoelectric vs magnetostrictice ultrasonic: magnetized stacks convert electrical energy into mechanical vibrations (generates heat) – interchangeable INSERTS
magneto
using a powered instrument for deplaquing, the ideal frequency and amplitude should be
low/low
for heavy calculus removal, the ideal frequency and amplitude should be
high/high
reasons to match tip design to the task(3):
Straight tip for simple anatomy
Curved tip for complex anatomy, furcations and proximal areas
Diameter and cross section of tip
Burnished calc results from: (2)
Inappropriate power setting
Incorrect technique or worn tips
____ _____ is impervious to detection
burnished calc
_______ _____ may indicate presence of burnished calculus
bleeding points
Indications for use of ultrasonic:
Propy of any degree/tenacity of plaque, calculus, and stain removal
Nonsurgical periodontal therapy: debridement and root planing
Gingivitis & periodontitis: perio maintenance
Removal of amalgam overhang, excess ortho/restoration cement
Natural teeth and dental implants
When NOT to use ultrasonics?
DO NOT use on primary & newly erupted teeth as they have large pulp chambers and exposed dentin and demineralized areas
DO NOT use on damaged restorations: porcelain fracture, reduce marginal integrity, composite surface defects, scratch/corrode dental implant crowns, abutment, and post
contraindications for use: list communicable diseases (3)
TB, active hepatitis, strep throat
contraindications for use: immunocompromised (3)
chemotherapy, organ transplant, uncontrolled diabetes
contraindications for use: respiratory risks
COPD, asthma, emphysema, cystic fibrosis, CVD, pulmonary disease
contraindications for use: conditions that cause difficulty swallowing and prone to gagging (4)
MS, muscular dystrophy, parkinsons, paralysis
what is NO LONGER a contraindication for use with piezo scaler?
unshielded cardiac pacemaker
most common, surgically placed in the bone, placed in parts
endoseal
endoseal part (4)
implant fixture, abutment, crown, screw
Requires a two-piece assembly: an abutment is attached to the implant with a screw.
cemented implant crown
advantages of cemented implant crown:
looks like a natural tooth, more cosmetic flexibility
disadvantages of cemented implant crown:
cement can cause inflammation and bone loss, removal options are limited.
Requires a one-piece assembly: a crown is attached to the implant with a screw.
screw retained implant crown
advantages of screw retained implant crown
easy access to the screw, no cement required
disadvantages of screw retained implant crown
crown may chip near access hole, cosmetic appearance may not be as ideal.
name the implant type not commonly used today, surgically placed under gingival tissue over alveolar ridge, used on patients with inadequate alveolar bone because it is not inserted in bone augmentation.
subperiosteal
name the implants that used for placement of bridges and dentures
endosteal implant supported prosthesis
the fim, direct, and lasting biological attachment of a metallic implant to vital bone with no intervening connective tissue.
osseointegration
inflammation of the gingival soft tissue (reversible)
peri-mucositis
inflammation of the gingival soft tissue and rapid loss of crestal bone (irreversible)
peri implantitis
