Quiz on Lab #8

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

Division of a somatic (non-sex) cell to produce 2 diploid (2n) genetically identical cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Question 2

Meiosis

Answer 2

Division of a sex cell to produce 4 haploid (n) genetically unique cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Question 3

Meiosis I

Answer 3

Reductional division, reduce from diploid to haploid

Question 4

Meiosis II

Answer 4

Equational division, analogous to mitosis, but creates a total of 4 haploid daughter cells

Question 5

Prophase

Answer 5

Nuclear Envelope dissolves, spindles form, chromosomes condense

Question 6

Metaphase

Answer 6

Chromosomes align along the metaphase plate in the middle

Question 7

Anaphase

Answer 7

Sister chromatids separate

Question 8

Telophase

Answer 8

Cytokinesis and reverse prophase

Question 9

Sex Cell

Answer 9

An egg or sperm cell for sexual reproduction

Question 10

Ploidy

Answer 10

Number of sets of chromosomes in a cell

Question 11

Diploid (2n)

Answer 11

Cell with 2 complete copies of the genome, one from maternal and one from paternal genes

Question 12

Haploid (n)

Answer 12

Cell with 1 complete copy of the genome; combination of maternal and one from paternal genes.

Question 13

Chromosomes

Answer 13

One linear piece of double-stranded DNA (includes protein scaffolding)

Question 14

Sister Chromatids

Answer 14

2 identical, linear pieces of double-stranded DNA, joined at the centromere

Question 15

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 15

2 Chromosomes with the same genes, but usually with different alleles

Question 16

Cytokinesis

Answer 16

Division of the cytoplasm

Question 17

Synapsis

Answer 17

The connection of homologous chromosomes in preparation for crossing over

Question 18

Crossing Over

Answer 18

Genetic material exchange between non-sister chromatids

Question 19

Chiasmata

Answer 19

X-Shaped sites where the crossing over occurs

Question 20

Nondisjunction

Answer 20

Failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate during anaphase

Question 21

Translocation

Answer 21

When part or all of a chromosome gets stuck to a non-homologous chromosome

Question 22

Amniocentesis

Answer 22

Prenatal testing done with cells from amniotic fluid

Question 23

Karyotyping

Answer 23

Chromosomal pairs ordered by size and shape to determine chromosomal number, find potential chromosomal abnormalities, and determine sex