Quiz on Lab #8 Flashcards
Mitosis
Division of a somatic (non-sex) cell to produce 2 diploid (2n) genetically identical cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Meiosis
Division of a sex cell to produce 4 haploid (n) genetically unique cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Meiosis I
Reductional division, reduce from diploid to haploid
Meiosis II
Equational division, analogous to mitosis, but creates a total of 4 haploid daughter cells
Prophase
Nuclear Envelope dissolves, spindles form, chromosomes condense
Metaphase
Chromosomes align along the metaphase plate in the middle
Anaphase
Sister chromatids separate
Telophase
Cytokinesis and reverse prophase
Sex Cell
An egg or sperm cell for sexual reproduction
Ploidy
Number of sets of chromosomes in a cell
Diploid (2n)
Cell with 2 complete copies of the genome, one from maternal and one from paternal genes
Haploid (n)
Cell with 1 complete copy of the genome; combination of maternal and one from paternal genes.
Chromosomes
One linear piece of double-stranded DNA (includes protein scaffolding)
Sister Chromatids
2 identical, linear pieces of double-stranded DNA, joined at the centromere
Homologous Chromosomes
2 Chromosomes with the same genes, but usually with different alleles
Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm
Synapsis
The connection of homologous chromosomes in preparation for crossing over
Crossing Over
Genetic material exchange between non-sister chromatids
Chiasmata
X-Shaped sites where the crossing over occurs
Nondisjunction
Failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate during anaphase
Translocation
When part or all of a chromosome gets stuck to a non-homologous chromosome
Amniocentesis
Prenatal testing done with cells from amniotic fluid
Karyotyping
Chromosomal pairs ordered by size and shape to determine chromosomal number, find potential chromosomal abnormalities, and determine sex
