Quiz - Lec 9-11 and HW

Question 1

OnPattro (patisiran) is an RNAi therapeutic for ppl with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amylodiosis. Which class of drug is this under?

a. RNA interference (antisense)
b. mRNA medicine
c. monoclonal antibodies
d. gene therapy
e. CRISPR-mediated
f. stem cell therapy

Answer 1

a. RNA interference (antisense)

Question 2

PD1 and PDL-1 drugs fall under which drug class?

a. RNA interference (antisense)
b. mRNA medicine
c. monoclonal antibodies
d. gene therapy
e. CRISPR-mediated
f. stem cell therapy

Answer 2

c. monoclonal antibodies

Question 3

Luxturna is an example of which type of drug?

a. RNA interference (antisense)
b. mRNA medicine
c. monoclonal antibodies
d. gene therapy
e. CRISPR-mediated
f. stem cell therapy

Answer 3

d. gene therapy

Question 4

what does Luxturna treat?

Answer 4

rare form of inherited vision loss (it is a gene therapy drug)

Question 5

what type of drug class is being used for the blood disorder beta-thalassemia?

a. RNA interference (antisense)
b. mRNA medicine
c. monoclonal antibodies
d. gene therapy
e. CRISPR-mediated
f. stem cell therapy

Answer 5

e. CRISPR-mediated

Question 6

target for CRISPR based gene correction therapy

a. DNA
b. RNA
c. protein

Answer 6

a. DNA

Question 7

monoclonal antibodies target

a. DNA
b. RNA
c. protein

Answer 7

c. protein

Question 8

explain the antibody-drug conjugate

Answer 8

ADCs bind to their target antigens and are interalized via endocytosis and eventually leads to apoptotic cell death of the cancer cell

Question 9

which of the following identifies and destroys virus infected cells?

a. B cells
b. T-helper cells
c. cytotoxic T cells
d. monoclonal antibodies

Answer 9

c. cytotoxic T cells

Question 10

Zolgensma is a drug that falls under which category?

a. RNA interference (antisense)
b. mRNA medicine
c. monoclonal antibodies
d. gene therapy
e. CRISPR-mediated
f. stem cell therapy

Answer 10

d. gene therapy (AAV)

Question 11

which of the following stem cell therapies is the most promising?

a. induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)
b. embryonic stem cells (ESC)
c. neural stem cells (NSC)
d. progenitor cells

Answer 11

a. induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)

Question 12

what is an odds ratio?

Answer 12

measure of an association between an exposure and an outcome

inc risk for a phenotype by carrying a specific genotype/allele compared to the pts w/o carrying

Question 13

what does an odds ratio = 1 mean?

a. no association
b. inc risk
c. dec risk

Answer 13

a. no association

Question 14

what does an odds ratio > 1 mean?

a. no association
b. inc risk
c. dec risk

Answer 14

b. inc risk

Question 15

what does an odds ratio < 1 mean?

a. no association
b. inc risk
c. dec risk

Answer 15

c. dec risk

Question 16

if the 95% CI is greater than 1, there is a significant __________ effect

a. risk
b. protective

Answer 16

a. risk

Question 17

if the 95% CI is less than 1, there is a significant __________ effect

a. risk
b. protective

Answer 17

b. protective

Question 18

why do clinical studies often use the median but not the mean? (2 reasons)

Answer 18

-faster
-data may not be normal distribution

Question 19

what does ICER stand for?

Answer 19

incremental cost-effectiveness ratio

Question 20

Repatha has a hazard ratio of ____ relative reduction in CV risk compared to statin

Answer 20

0.85 [.79-0.92]

Question 21

3 PD-1 blocker drugs

Answer 21

-pembrolizumab (Keytruda)
-nivolumab (Opdivo)
-cemiplimab (Libtayo)

Question 22

3 PD-L1 blocker drugs

Answer 22

-atezolizumab
-avelumab
-durvalumab

Question 23

what do oloparib, niraparib, etc target?

Answer 23

BRAC1 mutation (these are PARP inhibitors)

Question 24

what do binimetinib, trametinib, and cobimetinib target?

Answer 24

KRAS mutation (MEK pathway)

Question 25

KRAS may activate what two pathways?

Answer 25

-RAF-MEK pathway
-PI3K pathway

Question 26

which 3 drugs are CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors?

Answer 26

palbociclib, ribociclib, abemaciclib (the “ciclibs”)

Question 27

what is the drug combo for melanoma pts with NRAS mutation?

Answer 27

ribociclib (Kisqali) + binimetinib (Mektovi)