Quiz 1 (first 4 lectures) Flashcards
what are “actionable signatures”?
information used to make treatment decisions (ex. genetic markers)
polymorphisms in which 3 enzymes/CYPs determine ~50% of dose variance in pts taking warfarin?
VKORC1, CYP2C9, CYP4F2
the FDA has approved ~_____ pharmacogenomic drug labels as of 2018
~150
(385 entries in 2020, 517 entries in 2023)
ADME is part of
a. pharmacodynamics (PD)
b. pharmacokinetics (PK)
b. pharmacokinetics (PK)
receptors, targets, signaling, and enzymes are part of
a. pharmacodynamics (PD)
b. pharmacokinetics (PK)
a. pharmacodynamics (PD)
A and T are bonded with how many hydrogen bonds?
2
G and C are bonded with how many hydrogen bonds?
3
what is the diameter of DNA?
2 nm
the entire human genome is more than ________ DNA base pairs?
3 billion
gene vs genome
gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA which codes for a molecule that has a function; a genome is an organism’s complete set of DNA, including all of its genes
how many protein coding genes are in the human genome?
~20,000
what is the final product of a noncoding gene?
RNA (not a protein)
which RNAs plays a role in regulating protein-coding gene expression?
a. transfer RNAs (tRNA)
b. ribosomal RNAs (rRNA)
c. microRNAs (miRNA)
c. microRNAs (miRNA)
why do we have pairs of chromosomes?
one chromosome from each parent; this inc genetic diversity of the population; the different phenotypes lead to increased survival of the species
true or false: mature mRNA do not have introns
true
where does transcription occur in the cell?
nucleus
what is added to end of the mRNA precursor in transcription?
poly A tail
codon for start of translation
AUG (codes for methionine)
3 stop codons
UAG, UAA, UGA
what is another name for sequence variation?
polymorphism