Quiz III and IV Flashcards by Maggie Richardson

he was the president of Chile between 1886-1890, he attempted to make tax reforms and begin to break up the foreign monopoly over railroads, his policies ended up in a civil war, his side lost and he committed suicide the day after his last day in office

Jose Balmaceda

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the period and instruments of the 1857 Constitution that was the model for the 1917 Constitution, it was the period under the rule of Benito Juarez

La Reforma

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term used to describe “new money”

nouveaux riches

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he was the father of the “presidential system” where the president held the power in Chile, he was the defense minister in the first War of the Pacific and was assassinated during the war

Diego Portales

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he wrote “The Master and the Slaves” in early 20th c, which was the first examination of Brazilian slavery

Gilberto Freyre

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he was the Habsburg ruler in Mexico from 1864-1867, upon his execution the liberal rule of Mexico returned

Ferdinand Maximillian

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term given to the massive landholdings by one individual, usually by a self-sustaining entity

latifundia

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term given to the period of great destruction in Venezuela in the early period

guerra a muerte

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landless laborers who were unorganized and not represented by the systems set up by the revolutionary government

campesinos

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this state in Brazil acted as an autonomous state for a ten year period in the early stages of Brazil’s independence

Rio Grande de Sol

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this is an organization in Argentina that was used by the dictator during the 1840s to terrorize his opponents

mazorca

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this was a special clause in the Brazilian constitution giving the executive certain privileges

Poder Moderador

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the Chilean leader of its independence movement, but as ruler he was autocratic

Bernardo O’Higgins

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term for the communal lands farmed by Indian villages in Mexico

ejido

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he was a Pernambucan deputy and a leader of the emancipation of slaves in Brazil in the 1880s

Joaquim Nubuco

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(t/f) when Brazil became independent, half of its population was of African descent

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(t/f) the Sexagenarian Laws passed in 1887 said that all new children born to slave mothers were set free

f — law of the womb

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(t/f) the steam engine’s invention helped develop Argentina by powering the new invention of refrigeration

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(t/f) Chile was more dependent on the export of nitrates before 1900 rather than the export of copper

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Mexico was one of the few countries to experience a stable political and economic climate after gaining its independence

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Porifio Diaz created the _____ ____ to put down unrest in rural areas

Guardias Furales

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the term for a strong, doctoral Latin American leader of a region or nation is a _______

caudillo

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how much (%-wise) land was lost to the US during the Mexican American War

~50%

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social darwinism

Herbert Spencer

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the _____ were the faction that was opposed by Brazil but nonetheless would gain control of Uruguay

blancos

when the Mexican Revolution in 1810 occurred, Mexico lost capital and intellectuals because

the Mexicans drove the Spanish out

the most significant caudillo, figure, in Argentina's history Argentina's early national period was

Juan Manuel de Rosas

the largest group of immigrants to Argentina were from

Italy

Argentina's growth was one of the longest sustained growth rates, with the average rate being __% from the period 1880-1910

the author of Facundo was

Domingo Sarmiento (Argentina)

one of the major problems with Argentina, according to Ricardo Rojas, was that

the native americans had lost their cultural identity | tied to Europe

all of the following were steps to end Brazilian slavery except

Sexagenarian Law

which area of Brazil was run as if it were independent the first half of the nineteenth century

Rio Grande do Sul

during the early nineteenth century, Brazil would face many of the same challenges as other Latin American countries such as

debates concerning federalism and centralism in the government structure

most of the immigrants attracted to Brazil came where during the late 1800s

Italy

under the leadership of who during Paraguayan War

Francisco Solano López, most controversial president of Paraguay; —> loss of lives

leader of Chile's independence from Spain in the early 1800s

O'Higgins

Chile's term number

10 yrs

major dividing issue in 1850s Chile

the church

What year did the united states agree to abrogate the platt amendment?

1934

The person who was the architect of the 1889 Brazilian constitution was....?

Rui Barbosa

He was the first ruler of mexico after the successful revolution in the 19th century and the adoption of the 1917 constitution.

venustiano carranza

Which article of the mexican constitution of 1917was clarifying the subsoil rights of the government and gives the government power to redistribute land?

article 27

Mexican articles

Article 27 empowered the government to redistribute land Article 123 announced rights for labor that had certainly never been heard of in North America Article 3 subjected the church to new restrictions, which imposed a virtual straightjacket

All of the following are general characteristics of the phase 1 framework to anyalize brazil except?

protective tarrifs were usually defeated by the ruling group

The heaviest investment in brazil by outside countries was usually distracted at what sector of the economy in phase 1?

export oriented infrastructure

The leader of the brazillian communist party in the 1930s was...?

luis carlos prestes

What is the term used to described the plantation and its refinery?

llega y pon

He was Cuban doctor whose work led to the treatment of yellow fever.

carlos finlay

All of the following are conditions that existed under the old republic in brazil except?

slave trade ended in 1860 due to british effort to end it

The young critics of the old republic criticized it as being unprepared in all of the following except?

diplomacy

What is the term used to identify the system of being excess coffee produced in brazil and holding it off the market by using funds?

valorization

The rule of the radical party led to all of the fundamental changes in the argentine politics except

women were allowed to vote

The first of the radical party presidents elected in argentina in 1916

hipolito yrigoyen

What is the slogan on the pendent on the Brazilian flag?

ordem e progresso

Many of the non-european immigrants attracted to brazil in the 20th century came from....?

japan

jose balmaceda founded what political party in 1887?

democratic party

As a lame duck president, he never the less used the army to brutally put an end to labor unrest in july 1920.

Juan luis sanfuenes

After a second coup took place in 1925, he was invited to be the president in chile, began to serve then decided against finishing the term.

arturo alessandri

This term is applied to the coalition of political parties on the left to win an election.

popular front

All of the fundamental changes in chilean constitution of 1925 except

All of the fundamental changes in chilean constitution of 1925 except allowed for a for one consecutive reelection

It was due to a revolution in this area that sugar cane growth began in cuba

haiti

In october of 1868, carlos manuel de cespedes call for independence in what cry

grito de yara

this agreement ended the 10 years war in Cuba

treaty of Zanjon

this law was passed by the Argentine Congress in 1910 making it easier to arrest and prosecute labor leaders

ley de defensa social

this classical economic theory says that countries should do what their country's assets lead them to produce

comparative advantage

he led a coup in Chile in June 1933, established a "Socialist Republic" that lasted 13 days

Ibanez and Grove?

the intense three-month period of sugar harvest in Cuba

safra

this is the period of time in Chile in 1905 that workers took to the streets and were met with violence from governments

Red Week

he led a barracks revolt in Brazil 1924 and then led a column for two and one half years

Luis Carlos Prestes

he led forces from the northern Chilean mining region against Balmaceda in the 1891 Civil War

Jorge Montt

term used to describe Brazilian junior officers that asserted political protests in 1920s

tenetes

this was a time period in Mexico's history led by Benito Juarez and other liberals for a short time

La Reforma

he was a lawyer and a poet who led both attempts to free Cuba from the Spanish, dying in the 1895 revolt

Jose Marti

this was the name given to the first republic of Brazil, describing its presidential system in Brazil

Cafe com leite

known as the butcher from Spain, sent to Cuba to control it for Spain

Valeriano Weyler

law passed in Argentina and Chile to make it easier to deport aliens

ley de residencia

the president of Chile in 1891 who clashed with congress, lost the civil war, and resigned after a coup

Arturo Alessandri

the Chief of Staff of the Mexican Army, responsible for the assassination of Madero

Huerta

this was organized by Carranza in Mexico by using urban workers to fight the Mexican Revolution

Red Battalion

subsoil

Brazil's political ruling groups were…

sugar barons and coffee producers

appearance of middle strata phase

phase 1

leader of Brazilian Communist Party

Prestes

oligarchic democracy phase

phase 1

first liberal Mexican president

Bartolome Mitre

as a result of the war of the pacific, who became landlocked?

bolivia