Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PNS Quizzes > Quiz I: CN I and II > Flashcards

Quiz I: CN I and II Flashcards

1
Q

First order neurons of CN I (primary sensory neurons) are called what?

A

Olfactory neurons (bipolar cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where are Olfactory Neurons located?

A

Olfactory epithelium lining superior part of the nasal cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What covers the olfactory epithelium?

A

A thin layer of mucus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What cells support the olfactory neurons?

A

“Supporting Cells”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do olfactory “hairs” function as?

A

Receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Central processes (axons) collected into 10 to 20 olfactory nerves convey information to what?

A

Olfactory bulbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Are Olfactory neuron axons myelinated?

A

No, however they are covered by Schwann cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What bony feature do olfactory nerves pass through, and what bone is this feature found on?

A
  1. ) Cribriform Plate

2. ) Ethmoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The olfactory nerves enter the olfactory bulb and synapse on dendrites of ____________ cells.

A

Mitral cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_________ ___________ are formed at the synapses in the olfactory bulb.

A

Synaptic Glomeruli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the secondary sensory neurons of CN I called?

A

Mitral Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are mitral cell bodies located?

A

Olfactory Bulb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where do mitral cells relay information?

A

Posterior via the olfactory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

At the anterior perforated substance, the olfactory tract fibers split into medial and Lateral ______ ______.

A

Medial and Lateral Olfactory Striae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Medial stria fibers cross the midline via the ________ ___________ and travel to the opposite olfactory bulb.

A

Anterior Commissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lateral stria fibers carry information where? (3 places)

A
  1. ) Primary Olfactory Cortex
  2. ) Periamygdaloid Area
  3. ) Prepiriform Area (including the Uncus/ BM Area 34) on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F Each nostril sends info to both hemispheres?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T/F Each hemisphere receives info from both nostrils?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T/F The Mitral cell synapses at the Thalamus.

A

False, nowhere in this pathway does synapse occur at the thalamus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the loss of smell called?

A

Anosmia, this condition is rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How can skull fractures lead to smell deficits?

A

Skull fractures can lead to damage of C.N. I, especially if the ethmoid is involved.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How can you determine CSF leakage with a patient?

A

Presents differently on paper (tissue paper), halo sign will form if CSF is present as the mucus separates from CSF.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What pathway travels from the nasal septum and is autonomic?

A

Terminal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What pathway is poorly developed in humans but well developed in animals that track their prey?

A

Vomeronasal Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the sensory organ of vision?
The Eye
26
How many layers is the eye composed of?
3
27
What is the outermost layer of the eye called?
Fibrous Tunic
28
What does the Fibrous Tunic consist of? (2 parts)
Sclera (white part) and Cornea (clear part)
29
What is the middle layer of the eye called?
Vascular Tunic
30
What does the Vascular Tunic consist of? (3 parts)
Ciliary Body, Iris (Colored part) and Choroid
31
What is the innermost layer of the eye called?
Retina
32
How many layers does the Retina Consist of?
10
33
What is the innermost layer of the Retina, adjacent to the Choroid?
Pigmented layer
34
What specific layer of the retina actually detaches when a patient is experiencing a detached retina?
The pigmented layer detaches from the choroid.
35
What is the second layer of the Retina (from External to Internal)?
Photosensitive outer segments of rods and cones.
36
What is the third layer of the Retina (from External to Internal)?
External limiting membrane
37
What is the fourth layer of the Retina (from External to Internal)?
Outer Nuclear Layer (contains rod and cone cell bodies)
38
What is the fifth layer of the Retina (from External to Internal)?
Outer Plexiform Layer (Rods and Cones synapse with bipolar cells here)
39
What is the sixth layer of the Retina (from External to Internal)?
Inner Nuclear Layer (Contains cell bodies of bipolar cells)
40
What is the seventh layer of the Retina (from External to Internal)?
Inner Plexiform Layer (Bipolar cells synapse with ganglion cells here)
41
What is the eighth layer of the Retina (from External to Internal)?
Ganglion cell Layer (Ganglion cell bodies)
42
What is the ninth layer of the Retina (from External to Internal)?
Nerve Fiber Layer (Retina ganglion cell axons are found here)
43
Are Retina Ganglion cells axons myelinated?
No
44
What is the tenth layer of the Retina (Innermost Layer)?
Internal Limiting Membrane
45
What is a glial boundary separating the retina from the vitreous body?
The Internal Limiting Membrane
46
What is the distal end of a photoreceptor called?
The Outer Segment
47
Is the distal end of the photoreceptor closer to or further away from the choroid when compared with Rod and Cone Cell Bodies?
The distal end is closer to the Choroid than the cell bodies of the Rods and Cones
48
What photoreceptor is Cylindrical?
Rod
49
What photoreceptor is Tapered?
Cone
50
What are the three types of Cones?
Red, Green, Blue
51
What is the fovea centralis almost entirely composed of?
Cones
52
What do the cones require to function best?
Adequate Light
53
Where are the cones concentrated toward in the retina?
Toward the Center
54
What do rods sense?
Light vs. Dark
55
Are rods used to visualize objects clearly?
No, they are used for B&W vision and to visualize textures.
56
Where are rods rarely found?
In the Fovea Centralis
57
Where are rods usually found?
Periphery of Retina (almost entirely rods)
58
T/F Most forms of color blindness are sex-linked?
True
59
When depolarized, photoreceptors relay information to bipolar cells by synapsing in which layer?
Outer Plexiform Layer
60
Bipolar Cell Bodies are found in which layer?
Inner Nuclear Layer
61
Bipolar cells relay info to _________ cells.
Ganglion
62
Where do Bipolar cells relay info to ganglion cells?
Inner Plexiform Layer
63
Axons from ganglion cells are conveyed in the nerve fiber layer to the _______ _____.
Optic Disc
64
Is the Nerve Fiber Layer myelinated?
No
65
After leaving the eyeball, axons are carried in the ________ _______.
Optic Nerve
66
The optic nerves enter the skull through the ______ ______ and unite to form the ________ ________.
1. ) Optic Canal | 2. ) Optic Chiasma
67
Are Optic Nerve axons myelinated?
Yes
68
What cells form the myelin on the optic nerve?
Interfasicular Oligodendrocytes
69
T/F In the Optic chiasma the medial fibers cross.
True
70
T/F In the Optic chiasma the lateral fibers cross.
False
71
The Medial and Lateral fibers of the Optic Chiasma split to form the ______ ______.
Optic Tracts
72
The Optic tract travels around what?
Cerebral Peduncles
73
The optic tract fibers synapse on what?
On (one of three) nuclei of termination
74
What are the three nuclei of termination?
1. ) Lateral Geniculate Body 2. ) Superior Colliculus 3. ) Pretectal Nucleus of Midbrain
75
Where do the majority of optic tract fibers synapse?
Lateral Geniculate Body (Nucleus of termination)
76
Where does the Lateral Geniculate Body relay info?
Cerebral Cortex in the Occipital Lobe
77
Where does the Superior Colliculus relay info?
Tectospinal Tract
78
What two muscles are influenced by the tectospinal tract?
SCM and Trapezius
79
What are the four (five) neurons in the pathway for vision?
1. ) Rod/Cone 2. ) Bipolar Cell 3. ) Ganglion Cell 4. ) Neuron from Lateral Geniculate Body to Occipital Lobe * 5.) Cell (including cell body) in the Cerebral Cortex *This is sometimes included in varying sources
80
What happens when a lesion occurs to the optic nerve?
You lose vision in one eye completely.
81
What happens when a lesion occurs to the decussating fibers in the optic chiasma?
You lose peripheral visual field (tunnel vision)
82
What happens when a lesion occurs in the optic tract?
You lose a side of your visual field (either entire right side is lost, or entire left side is lost)
83
Where does the neuron relayed to the occipital lobe specifically synapse?
BM Area 17 along calcarine sulcus
84
What does the pretectal nucleus of the brain deal with?
Light Reflexes
85
What happens with a direct reflex of the pupil?
Constriction
86
What happens with an indirect reflex of the pupil?
Constriction to a lesser extent
87
Is CN II responsible for the motor aspect of light reflexes?
No, it is a purely sensory CN. (There are more to these light reflexes than just CN II)
88
What is the term for transitioning from focusing on something far away to something close?
Accommodation Reflex
89
What happens to the lens when looking at something close up?
It becomes more convex.
90
What is the term for when something lightly touches the cornea, followed by that person blinking and pulling their cornea away quickly?
Corneal Reflex
91
What is the term for when the medial rectus is active on both sides to look at the tip of the nose?
Convergence
92
Can most people diverge their eyes?
No

PNS Quizzes (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions