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BIO 102 > Quiz I Bio Lab 1 > Flashcards

Quiz I Bio Lab 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Draw and label out all parts of a microscope

A
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2
Q

Bacteria are ________

what are the characteristics?

A

prokaryotes

no nucleus
no organelles
single-celled
cell wall
very diverse

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3
Q

bacterial shapes -> look at slides and familiarize yourself with the microscopic photos

A

coccus
bacillus
sprillum

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4
Q

gram positive and gram negative

A

purple and pink/red respectively

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5
Q

cyanobacteria - photosynthetic prokaryotes

familiarize yourself with the images

A

nostoc and oscillitoia

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6
Q

autotrophs

A

producers that are able to make their own food by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

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7
Q

photosynthesis

A

producing organic compounds using light energy

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8
Q

chemosynthesis

A

producing organic compounds by deriving energy from inorganic compounds

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9
Q

heterotrophs

A

consumers that must acquire energy from other organisms

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10
Q

saprotrophs

A

consumers that acquire nourishment from dead or decaying animals

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11
Q

compound light microscope

A

used to view extremely small objects or bacteria invisible to the naked eye

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12
Q

stereomicroscope

A

used to view larger objects that may be visible to the human eye

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13
Q

levels of magnification

A

40 = low 100 = medium 400 = high

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14
Q

field of view

A

the area of the slide seen through the microscope

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15
Q

taxonomy

A

the science that describes, names, and classifies organisms, both living and extinct, based on shared characteristics

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16
Q

scientific name

A

genus + species

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17
Q

homo (genus) sapiens (species)

A

scientific name for human

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18
Q

taxonomic levels

A

Domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species

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19
Q

domain

A

most inclusive level, newest level

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20
Q

three domains

A

archaea, bacteria, eukarya

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21
Q

what organisms do the domains archaea and bacteria include?

A

prokaryotic organisms

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22
Q

prokaryotic organism

A

very small cells that lack a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

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23
Q

what organisms does the domain eukarya include?

A

eukaryotic organisms

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24
Q

eukaryotic organisms

A

cells with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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25
Q

how do the domains archaea and bacteria differ?

A

cell wall structure, membrane lipids, the way they synthesize proteins

26
Q

what are some features in a bacteria cell?

A

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA, cell walls, flagella, pili, capsule

27
Q

ubiquitous

A

found virtually everywhere

28
Q

binary fission

A

the process by which bacteria divide, simpler form of cell division

29
Q

spherical bacteria

A

coccus

30
Q

rod-shaped bacteria

A

bacillus

31
Q

curved form of bacteria

A

spirillum

32
Q

strep

A

when cocci and baccili stick together after cell division, these are chains or colonies that are formed

33
Q

staph

A

spherical bacteria that also form colonies in clumps, these colonies are referred to as staph

34
Q

gram staining

A

used to identify medically important bacteria

35
Q

gram positive bacteria

A

retains crystal violet stain after treatment with iodine to set the stain and rinsed with alcohol

36
Q

gram negative bacteria

A

loses the crystal violet stain when the alcohol is applied

37
Q

heat-fixing

A

a method of killing bacteria and sticking them to the specific microscopic slide

38
Q

cyanobacteria

A

chemically and physically similar to other bacteria, lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles and divide by binary fission - autotrophs, lack chloroplasts but have chlorophyll and other pigments with which they perform photosynthesis

39
Q

oscillatoria

A

a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria with over forty different species, named for its oscillating movement in water - reproduces by binary fission and fragmentation with the fragments growing into new longer filaments

40
Q

nostoc

A

a genus of over ten species, made of round cells linked together like a string of beads

41
Q

heterocysts

A

nostoc cells that fix atmospheric nitrogen into NH4 or into NO3- that can be used in building biomolecules such as proteins and DNA

42
Q

nitrogen fixation

A

allows nostoc to survive in environments low in nitrogen, as nostoc disintegrate, they add nitrogen compounds to soil and water that are then available to other organisms

43
Q

define autotrophs? Give four examples.

A

producers that are able to make their own food by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis - plants, algae, some bacteria, phytoplankton

44
Q

define heterotrophs? give four examples

A

consumers that must acquire energy from other organisms - animals, fungi, most protozoa most bacteria

45
Q

name the two types of microscopes that will be used in biology 102 labs

A

compound light microscope and stereomicroscope

46
Q

where do you place a slide on a microscope?

A

the stage

47
Q

define taxonomy

A

the science that describes, names, and classifies organisms, both living and extinct, based on shared characteristics

48
Q

how are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different from each other?

A

prokaryotic are small and lack a nucleus along with other membrane bound organelles while eukaryotic tend to be much bigger and possess a nucleus along with membrane bound organelles

49
Q

round bacterial cells in chains are called _______

A

strep

50
Q

how long is iodine left on the slide during gram staining?

A

1 minute

51
Q

what does the ubiquity of bacterial and fungal spores mean?

A

they are found virtually everywhere

52
Q

where are the members of the genus oscillatoria found?

A

freshwater marine environment, wet soil

53
Q

how can you control the amount of light coming through the microscope?

A

by adjusting the iris diaphragm

54
Q

which level of taxonomy contains the largest number of species?

A

domain

55
Q

what is the scientific name of humans?

A

homo sapiens

56
Q

which bacterial shape is unicellular?

A

coccus

57
Q

by what process do bacterial cells divide?

A

binary fission

58
Q

what is meant by gram-negative bacteria?

A

when the crystal violet stain is lossed following the application of alcohol, the bacteria is gram-negative. this denotes resistance to antibiotics and a thin cell wall

59
Q

which step in the gram stain technique removes the crystal violet stain from gram-negative bacteria

A

rinsing the slide with alcohol

60
Q

which stain or solution was added to the smear after the crystal violet stain was rinsed with water?

A

iodine

61
Q

name two factors that might affect the number of bacterial and fungi colonies growing on your culture plate

A

temperature and moisture

62
Q

name two factors that might cause unexpected (contamination) bacterial or fungal growth on your culture plate

A

composition of the water used opening the plate and exposing into atmosphere prior to adding sample

BIO 102 (3 decks)

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