Quiz I Bio Lab 1

Question 1

Draw and label out all parts of a microscope

Question 2

Bacteria are ________

what are the characteristics?

Answer 2

prokaryotes

no nucleus
no organelles
single-celled
cell wall
very diverse

Question 3

bacterial shapes -> look at slides and familiarize yourself with the microscopic photos

Answer 3

coccus
bacillus
sprillum

Question 4

gram positive and gram negative

Answer 4

purple and pink/red respectively

Question 5

cyanobacteria - photosynthetic prokaryotes

familiarize yourself with the images

Answer 5

nostoc and oscillitoia

Question 6

autotrophs

Answer 6

producers that are able to make their own food by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

Question 7

photosynthesis

Answer 7

producing organic compounds using light energy

Question 8

chemosynthesis

Answer 8

producing organic compounds by deriving energy from inorganic compounds

Question 9

heterotrophs

Answer 9

consumers that must acquire energy from other organisms

Question 10

saprotrophs

Answer 10

consumers that acquire nourishment from dead or decaying animals

Question 11

compound light microscope

Answer 11

used to view extremely small objects or bacteria invisible to the naked eye

Question 12

stereomicroscope

Answer 12

used to view larger objects that may be visible to the human eye

Question 13

levels of magnification

Answer 13

40 = low 100 = medium 400 = high

Question 14

field of view

Answer 14

the area of the slide seen through the microscope

Question 15

taxonomy

Answer 15

the science that describes, names, and classifies organisms, both living and extinct, based on shared characteristics

Question 16

scientific name

Answer 16

genus + species

Question 17

homo (genus) sapiens (species)

Answer 17

scientific name for human

Question 18

taxonomic levels

Answer 18

Domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species

Question 19

domain

Answer 19

most inclusive level, newest level

Question 20

three domains

Answer 20

archaea, bacteria, eukarya

Question 21

what organisms do the domains archaea and bacteria include?

Answer 21

prokaryotic organisms

Question 22

prokaryotic organism

Answer 22

very small cells that lack a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

Question 23

what organisms does the domain eukarya include?

Answer 23

eukaryotic organisms

Question 24

eukaryotic organisms

Answer 24

cells with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Question 25

how do the domains archaea and bacteria differ?

Answer 25

cell wall structure, membrane lipids, the way they synthesize proteins

Question 26

what are some features in a bacteria cell?

Answer 26

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA, cell walls, flagella, pili, capsule

Question 27

ubiquitous

Answer 27

found virtually everywhere

Question 28

binary fission

Answer 28

the process by which bacteria divide, simpler form of cell division

Question 29

spherical bacteria

Answer 29

coccus

Question 30

rod-shaped bacteria

Answer 30

bacillus

Question 31

curved form of bacteria

Answer 31

spirillum

Question 32

strep

Answer 32

when cocci and baccili stick together after cell division, these are chains or colonies that are formed

Question 33

staph

Answer 33

spherical bacteria that also form colonies in clumps, these colonies are referred to as staph

Question 34

gram staining

Answer 34

used to identify medically important bacteria

Question 35

gram positive bacteria

Answer 35

retains crystal violet stain after treatment with iodine to set the stain and rinsed with alcohol

Question 36

gram negative bacteria

Answer 36

loses the crystal violet stain when the alcohol is applied

Question 37

heat-fixing

Answer 37

a method of killing bacteria and sticking them to the specific microscopic slide

Question 38

cyanobacteria

Answer 38

chemically and physically similar to other bacteria, lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles and divide by binary fission - autotrophs, lack chloroplasts but have chlorophyll and other pigments with which they perform photosynthesis

Question 39

oscillatoria

Answer 39

a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria with over forty different species, named for its oscillating movement in water - reproduces by binary fission and fragmentation with the fragments growing into new longer filaments

Question 40

nostoc

Answer 40

a genus of over ten species, made of round cells linked together like a string of beads

Question 41

heterocysts

Answer 41

nostoc cells that fix atmospheric nitrogen into NH4 or into NO3- that can be used in building biomolecules such as proteins and DNA

Question 42

nitrogen fixation

Answer 42

allows nostoc to survive in environments low in nitrogen, as nostoc disintegrate, they add nitrogen compounds to soil and water that are then available to other organisms

Question 43

define autotrophs? Give four examples.

Answer 43

producers that are able to make their own food by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis - plants, algae, some bacteria, phytoplankton

Question 44

define heterotrophs? give four examples

Answer 44

consumers that must acquire energy from other organisms - animals, fungi, most protozoa most bacteria

Question 45

name the two types of microscopes that will be used in biology 102 labs

Answer 45

compound light microscope and stereomicroscope

Question 46

where do you place a slide on a microscope?

Answer 46

the stage

Question 47

define taxonomy

Answer 47

the science that describes, names, and classifies organisms, both living and extinct, based on shared characteristics

Question 48

how are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different from each other?

Answer 48

prokaryotic are small and lack a nucleus along with other membrane bound organelles while eukaryotic tend to be much bigger and possess a nucleus along with membrane bound organelles

Question 49

round bacterial cells in chains are called _______

Answer 49

strep

Question 50

how long is iodine left on the slide during gram staining?

Answer 50

1 minute

Question 51

what does the ubiquity of bacterial and fungal spores mean?

Answer 51

they are found virtually everywhere

Question 52

where are the members of the genus oscillatoria found?

Answer 52

freshwater marine environment, wet soil

Question 53

how can you control the amount of light coming through the microscope?

Answer 53

by adjusting the iris diaphragm

Question 54

which level of taxonomy contains the largest number of species?

Answer 54

domain

Question 55

what is the scientific name of humans?

Answer 55

homo sapiens

Question 56

which bacterial shape is unicellular?

Answer 56

coccus

Question 57

by what process do bacterial cells divide?

Answer 57

binary fission

Question 58

what is meant by gram-negative bacteria?

Answer 58

when the crystal violet stain is lossed following the application of alcohol, the bacteria is gram-negative. this denotes resistance to antibiotics and a thin cell wall

Question 59

which step in the gram stain technique removes the crystal violet stain from gram-negative bacteria

Answer 59

rinsing the slide with alcohol

Question 60

which stain or solution was added to the smear after the crystal violet stain was rinsed with water?

Answer 60

iodine

Question 61

name two factors that might affect the number of bacterial and fungi colonies growing on your culture plate

Answer 61

temperature and moisture

Question 62

name two factors that might cause unexpected (contamination) bacterial or fungal growth on your culture plate

Answer 62

composition of the water used opening the plate and exposing into atmosphere prior to adding sample