bio Flashcards
characteristics of protists
mostly unicellular, some are multicellular
can be heterotrophic or autotrophic
most live in water (some live in moist soil or the human body)
ALL are eukaryotic
A protist is an eukaryotic organism that is not a plant, animal, or fungi
Amoeboids
phylum sarcondina
use pseudopodia for locomotion and prey capture
no cell wall
refer to pictures of amoeba and radiolaria
Flagellates
phylum mastigophora
have one or more flagella for motility
includes many parasitic species
giardia, trichomonas, leishmania
refer to image for trypanasoma
Ciliates
phylum ciliophora
covered in cilia
locomotion
directing food particles into the oral groove
pellicle
refer to image of paramecium
Sporozoans
phylum apicomplexa
all sporozoans are parasites
non-motile spore produces
plasmodium
toxoplasma
cryptosporidium
refer to image of plasmodium
refer to amoeba image
refer to radiolaria image
refer to paramecium binary fission image
refer to paramecium conjugation image
refer to trpanosoma image
pseudopodia
false feet, temporary extensions of the cytoplasm (characteristic of amoeba)
Used for movement and food gathering
phagocytosis
the process by which amoeba feed
amoeba proteus
common freshwater microorganism that moves and feeds using pseudopodia
amoeba nucleus
can be seen as a dark round or oval capsule in the cytoplam of an amoeba
contractile vacuole
used to expel excess water, appears as a large, light colored capsule in the cytoplasm
food vacuoles
formed as food is engulfed by amoeba
foraminifera
commonly called forams, group of mostly marine amoeboid protozoa where the majority live at the bottom of the ocean while others are part of the plankton
many have calcereous shells, calcium carbonate shells.
radiolarians
extend their pseudopodia through holes in very intricate silica shells
planktonic
cilia
dense minute hair-like extensions that beat rhythmically and cover part of the entire cell surface
serve for locomotion and food gathering for paramecium
macronucleus
controls the daily functions of the cell
micronucleus
used during sexual reproduction
paramecium
a genus of ciliates found in fresh, brackish, and salt water
oral groove
where the cilia in paramecium sweep bacteria, algae, and other microorganisms
food vacuoles
release waste through a permanent anal pore
contractile vacuole
where water content of the cytoplasm is regulated
binary fission
the process by which paramecium and other ciliates reproduce
conjugation
the process by which paramecium divide sexually
flagella
a slender whip-like extension of the cell, sensory function
parasitic
when one species acquires resources at the expense of a living host
trypanosome
disease causing parasites that infect humans, cattle, and wild animals
vector
transmitting organisms
tsetse fly
the way in which trypanosomes is transmitted, a bite
sleeping sickness
caused by parasites and trypanosoma, extreme fatigue
apicomplexans
group of spore-forming internal parasites of animals
malaria
caused by members of the genus plasmodium
anopheles mosquito
acts as a vector that transmits numerous diseases through feeding on human blood
all protozoa we studied
amoeboid protozoa (amoeba and radiolaria), ciliates (paramecium), flagellates (trpanasoma) and apicomplexans (plasmodium)
in exercise 1 in lab 2 will deal with the culture plates done in lab 1. what two groups of organisms do you expect to see growing on the agar?
bacteria and fungi
eukaryotes arose through a process of ___________, the incorporations and retention of smaller prokaryotes into the cytoplasm of larger proteukaryotes
endosymbiosis
what is the term used for animal-like protists
protozoa
what is the term used for “floating life?”
plankton
what is the most recognizable characteristic of amoeboid protists?
pseudopodia
what material makes up the cell walls of foraminferans?
calcareous shells
name two distinctive characteristics of cilates?
macronucleus and micronucleus
what mechanism expels excess water from Amoeba, Paramecia, and other microorganisms
contractile vacuole
what form of sexual reproduction is found in Paramecium?
binary fission
what flagellate is studied in Lab 2? Which disease does it cause?
trypanosoma and it causes sleeping sickness
what disease is caused by members of the genus plasmodium?
malaria
what is used to slow the movement of protozoans in order to study them under the microscope?
methyl cellulose
name the structure amoeboid protists use to bring food into their cells
pseudopodia - food vacuoles are formed as food is engulfed
the cell walls of radiolarians are largely composed of __________
calcium carbonate - calcareous shells
how does a paramecium feed?
cilia sweeping into the oral grove and forming food vacuoles
name two means of reproduction in paramecium. Indicate which form is asexual reproduction and which form is sexual reproduction
binary fission - asexual
conjugation - sexual
what is the shape of trypanosoma found in a blood slide?
slender whip-like shape
describe the infected cells seen in the slide of plasmodium
red blood cells are infected
what is the vector that carries plasmodium to humans?
anopheles mosquito
name the vector that transmits trypanosoma to humans and the disease caused by the infection
tsetse fly - sleeping sickness and finally a coma
name the vector that transmits plasmodium to humans and the disease caused by the infection
anopheles mosquito - malaria
