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BIO 102 > bio > Flashcards

bio Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

characteristics of protists

A

mostly unicellular, some are multicellular

can be heterotrophic or autotrophic

most live in water (some live in moist soil or the human body)

ALL are eukaryotic

A protist is an eukaryotic organism that is not a plant, animal, or fungi

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2
Q

Amoeboids

A

phylum sarcondina

use pseudopodia for locomotion and prey capture

no cell wall

refer to pictures of amoeba and radiolaria

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3
Q

Flagellates

A

phylum mastigophora

have one or more flagella for motility

includes many parasitic species

giardia, trichomonas, leishmania

refer to image for trypanasoma

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4
Q

Ciliates

A

phylum ciliophora

covered in cilia

locomotion
directing food particles into the oral groove

pellicle

refer to image of paramecium

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5
Q

Sporozoans

A

phylum apicomplexa

all sporozoans are parasites

non-motile spore produces

plasmodium
toxoplasma
cryptosporidium

refer to image of plasmodium

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6
Q

refer to amoeba image

A
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7
Q

refer to radiolaria image

A
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8
Q

refer to paramecium binary fission image

A
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9
Q

refer to paramecium conjugation image

A
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10
Q

refer to trpanosoma image

A
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11
Q

pseudopodia

A

false feet, temporary extensions of the cytoplasm (characteristic of amoeba)

Used for movement and food gathering

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12
Q

phagocytosis

A

the process by which amoeba feed

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13
Q

amoeba proteus

A

common freshwater microorganism that moves and feeds using pseudopodia

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14
Q

amoeba nucleus

A

can be seen as a dark round or oval capsule in the cytoplam of an amoeba

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15
Q

contractile vacuole

A

used to expel excess water, appears as a large, light colored capsule in the cytoplasm

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16
Q

food vacuoles

A

formed as food is engulfed by amoeba

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17
Q

foraminifera

A

commonly called forams, group of mostly marine amoeboid protozoa where the majority live at the bottom of the ocean while others are part of the plankton

many have calcereous shells, calcium carbonate shells.

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18
Q

radiolarians

A

extend their pseudopodia through holes in very intricate silica shells

planktonic

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19
Q

cilia

A

dense minute hair-like extensions that beat rhythmically and cover part of the entire cell surface

serve for locomotion and food gathering for paramecium

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20
Q

macronucleus

A

controls the daily functions of the cell

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21
Q

micronucleus

A

used during sexual reproduction

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22
Q

paramecium

A

a genus of ciliates found in fresh, brackish, and salt water

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23
Q

oral groove

A

where the cilia in paramecium sweep bacteria, algae, and other microorganisms

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24
Q

food vacuoles

A

release waste through a permanent anal pore

25
Q

contractile vacuole

A

where water content of the cytoplasm is regulated

26
Q

binary fission

A

the process by which paramecium and other ciliates reproduce

27
Q

conjugation

A

the process by which paramecium divide sexually

28
Q

flagella

A

a slender whip-like extension of the cell, sensory function

29
Q

parasitic

A

when one species acquires resources at the expense of a living host

30
Q

trypanosome

A

disease causing parasites that infect humans, cattle, and wild animals

31
Q

vector

A

transmitting organisms

32
Q

tsetse fly

A

the way in which trypanosomes is transmitted, a bite

33
Q

sleeping sickness

A

caused by parasites and trypanosoma, extreme fatigue

34
Q

apicomplexans

A

group of spore-forming internal parasites of animals

35
Q

malaria

A

caused by members of the genus plasmodium

36
Q

anopheles mosquito

A

acts as a vector that transmits numerous diseases through feeding on human blood

37
Q

all protozoa we studied

A

amoeboid protozoa (amoeba and radiolaria), ciliates (paramecium), flagellates (trpanasoma) and apicomplexans (plasmodium)

38
Q

in exercise 1 in lab 2 will deal with the culture plates done in lab 1. what two groups of organisms do you expect to see growing on the agar?

A

bacteria and fungi

39
Q

eukaryotes arose through a process of ___________, the incorporations and retention of smaller prokaryotes into the cytoplasm of larger proteukaryotes

A

endosymbiosis

40
Q

what is the term used for animal-like protists

A

protozoa

41
Q

what is the term used for “floating life?”

A

plankton

42
Q

what is the most recognizable characteristic of amoeboid protists?

A

pseudopodia

43
Q

what material makes up the cell walls of foraminferans?

A

calcareous shells

44
Q

name two distinctive characteristics of cilates?

A

macronucleus and micronucleus

45
Q

what mechanism expels excess water from Amoeba, Paramecia, and other microorganisms

A

contractile vacuole

46
Q

what form of sexual reproduction is found in Paramecium?

A

binary fission

47
Q

what flagellate is studied in Lab 2? Which disease does it cause?

A

trypanosoma and it causes sleeping sickness

48
Q

what disease is caused by members of the genus plasmodium?

A

malaria

49
Q

what is used to slow the movement of protozoans in order to study them under the microscope?

A

methyl cellulose

50
Q

name the structure amoeboid protists use to bring food into their cells

A

pseudopodia - food vacuoles are formed as food is engulfed

51
Q

the cell walls of radiolarians are largely composed of __________

A

calcium carbonate - calcareous shells

52
Q

how does a paramecium feed?

A

cilia sweeping into the oral grove and forming food vacuoles

53
Q

name two means of reproduction in paramecium. Indicate which form is asexual reproduction and which form is sexual reproduction

A

binary fission - asexual
conjugation - sexual

54
Q

what is the shape of trypanosoma found in a blood slide?

A

slender whip-like shape

55
Q

describe the infected cells seen in the slide of plasmodium

A

red blood cells are infected

56
Q

what is the vector that carries plasmodium to humans?

A

anopheles mosquito

57
Q

name the vector that transmits trypanosoma to humans and the disease caused by the infection

A

tsetse fly - sleeping sickness and finally a coma

58
Q

name the vector that transmits plasmodium to humans and the disease caused by the infection

A

anopheles mosquito - malaria

BIO 102 (3 decks)

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