Quiz for abd doppler Flashcards
Portal hypertension or elevated pressure in the portal venous system is due to the decrease in venous flow or flow through the liver.
False (increased impedance)
Hepatic veins enlarge as they approach the diaphragm
True
Risk factors for aortic aneurysms:
Tobacco abuse. • Hereditary/family history. • Advanced age. • Male gender (men are 5 times more likely to develop AAA than women). • High cholesterol. • Obesity.
Most intact aortic aneurysms produce symptoms of back and abdomenl pain
False
There’s no correlation between size and rupture
False
How great does renal artery stenosis need to be before it causes hypertension?
> 60%
Greater than 60% stenosis would create a renal artery ratio of?
> 3.5
???
What are some technical limitations of a renal artery study?
- Stenosis in accessory renal arteries (although unlikely to cause hypertension)
- Differentiation of occlusion/stenosis
- Differentiation of occlusion/stenosis
- Needs meticulous technique
- Accuracy improves at >80% stenosis.
- Low positive predictive value (PPV) & low Sensitivity in some reports
Normal flow of the hepatic veins?
hepatofugal
Portal vein is formed by ?
superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein
What is used for a renal artery ratio?
Highest velocity obtained in the renal artery divided by the peak velocity from the aorta
Which transducer frequency is most likely to reach the Nyquist limit?
Highest frequency?
Fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal arteries is associated with what and who is it most likely to affect?
Associated with hypertension, and predominance in women (90%)
Renal transplant, what the doppler would be to indicate rejection?
Waveforms in the segmental, interlobar, and arcuate arteries demonstrate high resistance with absent or minimal diastolic flow (and sometimes reversal of flow)
What is fear of food syndrome caused by?
Usually caused by athero occlusive disease at vessel origins
Hepatic outflow obstruction, what can cause it?
- Hepatomegaly
- Splenomegaly
- Ascites
- Extrinsic compression by a tumor
- Thrombus in the hepatic veins or IVC
What is Budd-chiarri?
Stenosis or obstruction of the hepatic veins
Where the rt renal artery passes in conjunction with IVC
The right renal artery courses behind (posterior to) the IVC
What percent of the population has polar renal arteries?
> 20%
What vessel would produce a ESP?
Segmental renal artery
??
Normal portal venous flow direction?
hepatopetal
With TIPS, what is the stent connecting?
Connects the portal vein and the hepatic vein
What percentage of individuals have the hepatic veins joined before the IVC?
96%
Most common cause for portal hypertension?
Cirrhosis (90%)
What percentage of pts with a ruptured aneurysm survive?
10-25%
Most common cause for an aneurysm?
Atherosclerotic disease
Marfan’s syndrome, what situation would you have?
Thoracic or ascending aortic aneurysm
Dissection
Between the rt renal artery and the rt renal vein, which one is longer or shorter than the other?
The right renal artery is longer than the vein
the vessels that extend into the renal cortex are?
arcuate arteries
Most Portal hypertension cases are due to cirrhosis
True
