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Clinical medicine HEENT > Quiz eye part 1 > Flashcards

Quiz eye part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Disorders affecting the eyelids

A

blepharitis, anterior, posterior, hordeolum, chalazion, entropion and extropion

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2
Q

Blepharitis

A

-recurrent disorder that involves chronic inflammation of the eye lid margins

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3
Q

s and s of blepharitis

A

dry eyes, burning, itching, light sensiticity, sandy gritty sensation, discomfort, redness, tearing

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4
Q

where can bleph be

A

anterior or posterior eye lid

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5
Q

anterior bleph

A

-eye lashes and sebaceous glands of zeiss
-affects the outside front of the eyelid where the lashes are attached

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6
Q

posterior bleph

A

openings of the meibomian glands

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7
Q

2 most common anterior bleph strains:

A

staphylococcus and seborrheic dermatitis

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8
Q

what is a potential cause of bleph

A

dandruff falling from the scalp adn into the eye lid or a skin infeciton with s aur

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9
Q

anterior bleph staph infection

A

-scaling, matted, hard crusts around the eye lashes, difficulty opening the eye, removing the crust can leave small ulcers that bleed and ooze
-ddx: conjunctivitis

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10
Q

complication of ant bleph

A

-sty/ hordeolum can form becuase the gland is blocked and infected

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11
Q

anterior bleph treatment

A

warm compress, lid hygeine, antibio ointment (azith1%)
-if it is staph us a steroid to decrease inflammation

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12
Q

s and s of ant blep from serborrheic

A

greasy flakes and scales along eye lashes and lid margin and the pt will have seb. dermatititis

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13
Q

treatment of seb ant bleph

A

warm compress, eye lid scrub, baby shampoo

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14
Q

post bleph pathophys

A

-meibomian glands are not functioning and the glands are plugged by oily secretions

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15
Q

s and s post bleph

A

chronic red irritated eyes, common in pt with acne rosacea or seb dermatitis

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16
Q

post bleph tx

A

warm compress, lid scrib, bactracin/ erythromycin eye ointment, oral tetracycling *cant if they are under 18 and topical corticosteroids (if severe)

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17
Q

what is a hordeolum

A

-red, infected, localized lump that is filled with pus
-usual pathogen: s aur
-can be exeternal or internal

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18
Q

external hord

A

caused by a blockage and infection of a ciiary follicle adn the adjacent sebaceous glands of moll or zeis (on the eyelash but outside)

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19
Q

internal hord

A

due to a blockage and infection of the meibomian sebaceious glands in the tarsal plate (inside the eyelid)
*can damage the cornea

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20
Q

hord onset

A

acute, painful, red, localized swellings with abscesss formation (this can spread), can also lead to generalized cellulitis of the lid and self limiting once it drains

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21
Q

hord tx

A

warm compress, soaks, if does not resolve 48 hours may need incision

22
Q

is a chalazion painful

A

no, but if you have it for a while it will be firm and hard

23
Q

what is a chalazion

A

a focal chronic inflammatory lesion of the eyelid due to obstruction of a sebacious gland, this often follows an internal hord
-it is slow growing painless nodule

24
Q

are lipogranulomas in chalazion infected

A

no bc they are lipids in the tissue

25
Q

chalazion time line

A

can lasts for months, red swollen, treat with warm compress 4x a day

26
Q

can steroid injection be for chalazion

A

yes IF there is no infection and or no response to treatment

27
Q

what causes angioedema

A

an allergic rx, no scaling

28
Q

causes angioedema

A

exposure to allergens

29
Q

angioedema tx

A

self limiting, avoid inciting agents like ace inhibitors, if the airway is obstructed this is an emrgency= IM epi, mild case: oral antihistamines or glucocorticoids

30
Q

types of cellulitis

A

pre vs post (proptosis)

31
Q

cellulitis s and s

A

severe edema, deep violaceous color, pain

32
Q

cellulitis onset

A

days to hours, preceded by upper respiratory tract infection, local skin trauma, abscess, insect bite or impetigo, sinusitis

33
Q

proptosis

A

decreased visual aquity, pain with eye movmement, limited extraocular mvoement and afferent papillary defect
-eye is pushed out

34
Q

preseptal cellulitis

A

0out patient, broad spectrum antibiotic (diclo or augmentin) and close follow up
-under the age of 4= hospital

35
Q

orbital/ post septal cellulitis

A

elevated WBC, CT, unasyn (ampicillin/subactam),

36
Q

Entropion

A

-inside
-inward tuning of the eye lid
-can scratch and scar the cornea and may following scarring of the conjunctiva and tarsus which is common with age

37
Q

entropion rx

A

botulinum toxin injection

38
Q

ectropion

A

-outside turning of the lower lid
-common with age as you lose elasticity
-treat with surgery
-if the tearing is excessive (epiphora) there could be exposure keratitis or cosmetic problem

39
Q

Pinguecula

A

-yellow elevated nocule on either side of the cornea
-this is benign
-common on the nasal side
-age> 35 years and they rarely grow
-inflammation

40
Q

pinguecula tx

A

-artificial tears, short course of nsaids or weak steroid

41
Q

pterygium

A

-fleshy triagular are on the conjunctive
-nasal side of the cornea
-constant wind, sun, dust exposure can cause this
-unilateral or bilateral

42
Q

pterygium tx

A

-sunglasses, artificial tears, nsaids or weak steroid
-excision bc the growth is interfering with vision when it grows and cover the cornea

43
Q

Dacrocystitis vs dacroadenitis

A

-adenitis= gland
-cystitis= sac

44
Q

dacrocystitis

A

-can have an infection of the lacriminal gland or sac due to obstructionof the nasolacrimal system
-can be related to malformation of the tear duct, injury, eye infection or trauma
-infants to middle age
-unilateral

45
Q

dacrocystisis s and s

A

epiphora and discharge, tenderness, redness and swelling
-acute

46
Q

dacrocystitis causes

A

-staph aur, beta hemolytic strep, anaerobes, candida, will respond well to abx

47
Q

dacrocystitis cure

A

relief of the obstruction
-dacryocystirhinostomy

48
Q

foreign body presentation

A

-pt feels something in the eye
-fb will be in the cornea and conjunctiva
-rust ring (from steel FB)

49
Q

Treat FB

A

-local anesthetic, record visual acuity recorded, fluorescien, polumyxin, bacitracin opthalmic ointment, tissue excised under local anesthetia using slit lamp, FB removed with applicator
-follow up 24 hours

50
Q

corneal abrasion

A

-fingernail, paper, contact lense, pain, photophobia, tearing, blepharospasm, FB sensation

51
Q
A

Clinical medicine HEENT (10 decks)

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