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PNS > quiz CN 1 And 2 > Flashcards

quiz CN 1 And 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Cranial nerve 1?

A

Olfactory nerve

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2
Q

What kind of neuron is the olfactory neurons? And what type (uni/bi)

A

It is a primary sensory neurons

Bipolar

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3
Q

Where are the primary sensory neurons for the olfactory neurons lie?

A

Found in olfactory epithelium lining superior part of nasal cavity

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4
Q

What covers the olfactory epithelium?

A

A thin layer of mucus

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5
Q

Olfactory neurons are supported by what kind of cells

A

Supporting cells

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6
Q

What do olfactory “hairs” function as?

A

Function as receptors.

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7
Q

Central processes (axons) for olfactory nerves are conveyed where and how many are there

A

Axons are collected into 10 to 20 olfactory nerves that convey information to the olfactory bulbs

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8
Q

Are olfactory neuron axons myelinated?

A

They are unmyelinated, but covered by Schwann cells

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9
Q

Where do olfactory nerves pass to? (Pathway)

A

Pass through the cribiform plate, part of the ethmoid bone. They enter the olfactory bulb and synapse on dendrites of mitral cells. Synaptic glomeruli are formed at the synapses

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10
Q

How many neurons is this pathway for olfactory?

A

2 neuron pathway

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11
Q

What cells are the secondary sensory neurons in the olfactory pathway

A

Mitral cells

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12
Q

Where are the mitral cells located?

A

In the olfactory bulb

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13
Q

Mitral cells relay information from where?

A

Relay information posterior via the olfactory tract

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14
Q

Where do the fibers split for the mitral cells?

A

At the anterior perforated substance, the tract fibers split into medial and lateral olfactory striae

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15
Q

Where do Medial Stria fibers go?

A

Cross midline via anterior commissure and travel to opposite olfactory bulb

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16
Q

Do we segregate smell?

A

No

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17
Q

Where do the lateral stria fibers go?

A

Carry information to the primary olfactory cortex; periamygdaloid and prepiriform area, including the uncus (Brdmn 34) on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe

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18
Q

Lateral stria fibers also go to the secondary olfactory cortex, what is included in this

A

Entorhinal area, located in parahippocampal gyrus (Brdmn 28)

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19
Q

What Brodmann areas are included in the olfactory pathway

A

34, 35, 28

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20
Q

What kind of traumas can make patients lose smell temporarily?

A

Head traumas

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21
Q

What test can be done to perhaps test for dementia

A

Peanut butter test

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22
Q

What is another name for loss of smell?

A

Anosmia

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23
Q

Is it possible to not be born with CN 1?

A

Yes, but very rare

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24
Q

If you have CSF leakage in the nose, how can you test if it truly is?

A

Halo sign test

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25
Q

What is the terminal nerve (other pathway)

A

Info from receptors on nasal septum

Autonomic in function

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26
Q

What is the vomeronsal nerve (other pathway)

A

Poorly developed in humans, believed to be important in tracking prey

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27
Q

What is the name for cranial nerve 2

A

Optic nerve

28
Q

The eye is a sensory organ of vision. What three layers make it up?

A

Outermost layer - fibrous tunic
Middle layer - vascular tunic
Innermost layer - retina (it has ten layers)

29
Q

What does the fibrous tunic consist of

A

Sclera - white

Cornea - clear

30
Q

What does the vascular tunic consist of

A

Ciliary body
Iris; color part, made up of two muscles
Choroid

31
Q

The optic nerve is a how many neuron pathway

A

It is a 4 neuron pathway

32
Q

What are the ten layers of the retina? Outside to in

A 
Pigmented layer
Photosensitive outer segments
External limiting layer
Outer nuclear layer
Outer plexiform layer
Inner nuclear layer
Inner plexiform layer
Ganglion cell layer
Nerve fiber layer
Internal limiting membrane
33
Q

What is the pigmented layer adjacent to?

A

Choroid

34
Q

What doesn’t eh photosensitive outer segment contain?

A

Rods and cones

35
Q

Outer nuclear layer contains what

A

Rod and cone cell bodies

36
Q

Outer plexiform layer contains what

A

Rods and cones synapse with bipolar cells here

37
Q

Inner nuclear layer contains what

A

Cell bodies of bipolar cells

38
Q

Ganglion cell layer contains what

A

Ganglion cell bodies

39
Q

Nerve fiber layer contains what

A

Retinal ganglion cell axons. These fibers are NOT myelinated

40
Q

What is the internal limiting membrane

A

A glial boundary separating the retina from the vitreous body

41
Q

What part of the photoreceptors is either cylindrical(rod shaped)or cone shaped (tapered)

A

Distal end of the photoreceptor

42
Q

What are the three types of cones

A

Red, green blue

43
Q

Cones do what?

A

Receive color information and help with clarity of image

44
Q

Do cones require light?

A

Require adequate light to function best (the more the better)

45
Q

Where are cones mostly concentrated?

A

More concentrated toward center of retina(fovea)

46
Q

What do rods do?

A

Sense only light vs dark

47
Q

Are their rods in fovea?

A

No rods in fovea, periphery of retina is almost completely composed of rods

48
Q

Color blindness is what kind of condition

A

Multiple forms mostly sex linked

49
Q

When depolarized, what do photoreceptors do?

A

Relay information to bipolar cells by synapsing in the outer plexiform layer.

50
Q

Where are bipolar cell bodies found?

A

In the inner nuclear layer

51
Q

Where do the bipolar cells relay information to?

A

The ganglion cells, the synapse occurs in the inner plexiform layer

52
Q

Axons from ganglion cells are conveyed where?

A

Conveyed in the nerve fiber layer toward the optic disc. These axons are carried in the optic nerve after leaving the eyeball. The optic nerves enter the skull through the optic canal and untie to form the optic chiasma

53
Q

Are nerve fiber layer axons myelinated

A

No

54
Q

Are optic nerve axons myelinated

A

Yes

55
Q

What cells form myelin for the optic nerve axons

A

Infasicular oligodendrocytes

56
Q

How do the fibers run in the optic chiasma

A

Fibers from medial (nasal side) of each retina will cross, while fibers from lateral (peripheral side) of the retina will not cross. Fibers split to form the optic tracts

57
Q

Where does the optic tract travel around?

A

Travels around the cerebral peduncles and fibers synapse on one of three nuclei of termination

58
Q

What are the nuclei of termination and their characterisitics

A

Majority synapse in lateral geniculate body and are relayed to the cerebral cortex in the occipital lobe (17)
Fibers synapsing in the superior colliculus where information is relayed to the tectospinal tract
Some fibers synapse in the pretectal nucleus of the midbrain. These fibers deal with light reflexes

59
Q

What two muscles are influenced by the tectospinal tract

A

Sternocleidomastoid

Trapezius

60
Q

If you have a lesion in the optic nerve, what happens?

A

Blind in one eye

61
Q

If you have decussating fibers of the optic chiasma being cut or lesioned, what happens

A

Peripheral vision gone

62
Q

If you have a lesion in the optic tract, what happens

A

Half of vision field gone

63
Q

What visual reflexes does CN 2 deal with

A

Direct and consensual light reflexes
Accommodation reflex
Corneal reflex
Convergence

64
Q

What does direct and consensual light reflex do?

A

One eye will constrict while other dilates

65
Q

What does accommodation reflex do?

A

Going from far sight to something close in view, lens becomes more convex to focus on near objects

66
Q

What does corneal reflex do

A

Soft cotton balls, lightly touch cornea, patient should pull away and blink

67
Q

What does convergence do

A

Pulling eyes together or inward

PNS (3 decks)

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