Quiz Bowl Questions Flashcards
A deficiency in what enzyme leads to congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
21-hydroxylase
What is the most common electrolyte abnormality seen in adrenal insufficiency?
Hyponatremia
What autoantibodies are most common in T1DM?
Islet autoantibodies
Which type of diabetes is prone DKA?
T1DM
What is the most common age to diagnose T1DM?
Bimodal; 4-6 and 10-14 years
What neurological symptoms can present with T1DM?
Altered level of consciousness
What is the main etiology for T1DM?
Autoimmune
An A1c of what is diagnostic for T1DM?
6.5%
An A1C of 7.2% leads to a 60% reduction in risk the following complications: diabetic
_____ and ______ and ______?
Retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy
A fasting glucose of what is diagnostic for T1DM?
Greater than 126 mg/dL
What is a common skin finding in T2DM?
Acanthrosis nigricans
What pancreatic cell type is dysfunctional in T2DM?
Beta cells
Name a class of medication that can impair glucose tolerance?
Beta blockers, antipsychotics, thiazides, glucocorticoids
What are common risk factors for developing T2DM?
increasing age, obesity, lack of physical activity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, CVD
T2DM is more common in what racial/ethnic groups?
Black, AI, Hispanic/Latino
What is the primary tool used to assess glycemic control?
A1c testing
In hypogonadism, what lab is used to guide treatment?
Total serum testosterone
What is hypogonadism?
Androgen insufficiency; patient with low testosterone levels
What carcinoma of the thyroid is aggressive, not curable, and rare?
Anaplastic carcinoma
What are signs and symptoms of a thyroid neoplasm?
Palpable thyroid nodule, fixed to adjacent structures; choking sensation; cervical LAD, neck fullness, hoarseness, vocal cord paralysis
What do you see on x-ray in hyperparathyroidism?
Osteitis fibrosa cystica
Primary hyperparathyroidism is related to overproduction of _____ due to enlarged gland
PTH
Which pituitary incidentaloma is most common, macro or micro?
Micro
What is the triad of Grave’s disease?
diffuse goiter, exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema