quiz april 14 20223 Flashcards
Nativism in 1920s
Beginning at the end of the nineteenth century, immigration into the United States rocketed to never-before-seen heights. Many of these new immigrants were coming from eastern and southern Europe and for many English-speaking, native-born Americans of northern European descent the growing diversity of new languages, customs, and religions triggered anxiety and racial animosity.
KKK return
As anti-foreign feeling increased, a new KKK formed in Georgia. The Klan expanded to the North. By 1920s it had millions of members. The new KKK wasn’t only anti-black, but also attacked Catholics + Jews. It argued immigration to America ought to be limited. Many Americans shared this view (“Hundred Percenters”-wanted 100% Americans and return to isolationism)
National Origins Act
These laws set quotas for immigrants. 2% of each ethnic group present in U.S. in 1890 could come each year. By basing quota on 1890 Census-Congress insured it would be hard for “undesirables” to come in great numbers. Immigration of Poles, Jews, Italians and Asians decline.
Religious Fundamentalism
The Lost Generation, who rejected the traditions of the older generation, angered many in rural America. They embraced traditional religion more strongly. Preachers led religious revivals-converting many to Fundamentalist Christianity. Fundamentalists: people who argue every word of Bible is literally true.
Scopes Monkey Trial
Fundamentalists reject idea of Evolution + support Creationism (God created world). Tennessee made it illegal to teach evolution. Teacher John Scopes challenged law + was arrested in 1925. His Trial was publicized as a showdown between old + new values. Though Scopes was found guilty, people across country criticized the verdict.
Sacco and Vanzetti Trial
In April 1920 2 men robbed a shoe factory + murdered the owners. Police arrested 2 Italian immigrants-Nicola Sacco + Bartolomeo Vanzetti. Although evidence was questionable-American public turned against them when it was revealed that they were anarchists. A jury found them guilty + they were executed in 1927-despite questionable evidence.
Volstead Act and Prohibition
Volstead Act, formally National Prohibition Act, U.S. law enacted in 1919 to provide enforcement for the Eighteenth Amendment, prohibiting the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages. The act was vetoed by Pres. Woodrow Wilson, but it became law after Congress voted to override the veto. In addition, individual states passed further enabling and enforcing legislation. All the states enacted laws to help carry the Volstead Act into effect.
Republican policies in 1920s (isolation and Laissez Faire)
Republicans favored the laissez-faire economy, was pro big-business, and believed in isolation policies instead of foreign policies. supported businesses at home and isolation from foreign affairs.
Charles Lindbergh
Charles Lindbergh, American aviator, one of the best-known figures in aeronautical history, remembered for the first nonstop solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean, from New York City to Paris, on May 20–21, 1927.
How Hoover dealt with the depression
Hoover opposed too much Gov’t interference in economy. People must solve their own problems. He didn’t increase gov’t spending during Depression. He favored-Trickle down policies: helped banks/businesses (He wanted business to keep up wages and prices–but they couldn’t). Created Reconstruction Finance Corporation-it loaned money to businesses but was too cautious-didn’t lend enough to create jobs. Hoover gave no direct federal relief to people (It was against his principles of individualism).
Bonus Army and Hoover’s response to them
In 1932 broke WW I veterans marched on Washington demanding their promised veterans benefits early. They were attacked by the army on orders of Hoover and forced to flee the city.
How Hoover and FDR differed in response to Depression
Hoover opposed too much Gov’t interference in economy. People must solve their own problems. He didn’t increase gov’t spending during Depression. He favored-Trickle down policies: helped banks/businesses (He wanted business to keep up wages and prices–but they couldn’t). Created Reconstruction Finance Corporation-it loaned money to businesses but was too cautious-didn’t lend enough to create jobs. Hoover gave no direct federal relief to people.
Roosevelt belonged to the political party called the “Democrats.” As a Democrat, Roosevelt felt that it was the government’s responsibility to help fix the American economy and to help the many Americans that were struggling during the Great Depression.
Gov’t should put people to work and put money directly in their pockets-they’ll get economy moving.
New Deal
He was given freedom to do whatever he needed to do by Democratic Congress. New Deal was FDR’s plan (with his “Brain Trust” of advisors) to get U.S. out of depression.
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
Gov’t agreed to pay farmers to plant less. AAA also paid farmers to kill 5 million baby pigs to raise pork prices. By decreasing supply Gov’t hoped to increase prices on the market. Results were that by 1936 farm income was up 50% as surpluses were reduced + prices rose.
Securities Exchange Commission (SEC)
Created to regulate stock market + try to prevent bad practices-such as insider trading.
