Quiz answers Flashcards
Best description of evolution - WEEK 1
Populations change genetically from one generation to the next
Best description of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection? - WEEK 1
Darwin’s theory emphasised that populations vary and change over time
Best description of the effect of natural selection on a population - WEEK 1
Improved match between a population and its environment
Best definition of natural selection - WEEK 1
A process in which humans decide which plants and/or animals will and will not breed
It has been observed that organisms on many islands are different from, but closely related to, similar forms found on the nearest continent. What conclusion is best derived from this observation? - WEEK 1
Island forms are descended from mainland forms
What statement is most consistent with data obtained from the fossil record? - WEEK 1
Older strata carry fossils that differ greatlu from living organisms
Structures as different as human arms, bat wings, and dolphin flippers contain many of the same bones, which develop from similar embryonic tissues. These structural similarities are an example of ________. - WEEK 1
Homology
Which statement best describes whether we should consider the different forms different species? - WEEK 2
They are NOT different species - shown by the fact that they can interbreed
Beetle pollinators of a particular plant are attracted to its flowers’ bright orange color. The beetles not only pollinate the flowers, but they mate while inside the flowers. A mutant version of the plant with red flowers becomes more common with the passage of time. A particular variant of the beetle prefers the red flowers to the orange flowers. Over time, these two beetle variants diverge from each other to such an extent that interbreeding is no longer possible.
Which of the following possible causes of speciation best describes the beetle example and what factor has driven it? - WEEK 2
Sympatric speciation; habitat diffrentiation
Carolus Linnaeus believed that species remained fixed in the form in which they had been created. Which of the following concepts are inconsistent with Linnaeus’s model of classification? - WEEK 2
phylogenies
If biological species are defined in terms of reproductive compatibility, which of the following factors determines the formation of a new species? - WEEK 2
Reproductive isolation
Members of two different species possess a similar-looking structure that they use in a similar way to perform about the same function. Which of the following observations would suggest that the relationship more likely represents homology than convergent evolution? - WEEK 2
The embryonic development of the two structures is similar
Which of the germ layers gives rise to the muscles? - WEEK 3
Mesoderm
What is the blastocoel? - WEEK 3
A fluid-filled bubble in the embryo
What is the archenteron? - WEEK 3
The developing digestive tube
What type of symetry to parazoa exhibit? - WEEK 3
None
Which is the order of development in a deuterostome? - WEEK 3
Anus before mouth
Which germ layer do neural crest cells arise from? - WEEK 3
Ectoderm
What are eumetazoa? - WEEK 3
Animals with true tissue
What is cleavage? - WEEK 3
The early steps of cell division in the embryo
Which type of embryp only contains two germ layers? - WEEK 3
A diploblast
Vertebrates account for what percentage of animal species on earth? - WEEK 4
3%
Cnidaria lack: - WEEK 4
Mesoderm
Cnidaria get their name from a specialised type of cell used for defence and predation called a _______. - WEEK 4
cnidocyte
The head structure of cephalopods is thought to have evolved from which molluscan structure? - WEEK 4
Foot
Sponges are: - WEEK 4
Asymmetric animals
Planarians are: - WEEK 4
Platyhelminthes
Sedentarians and arrantians are: - WEEK 4
Annelids
The archenteron of the developing embryo eventually develops into the: - WEEK 4
Digestive tract
The mollusc rasping apparatus used for feeding is called a: - WEEK 4
Radula
What does “ecdysis” mean? - WEEK 5
Process of moulting
Hexapoda include: - WEEK 5
insects
The term for bodies made of a repeating series of segements is _____. - WEEK 5
metamerism
What is tagmosis? - WEEK 5
The fusion of body segments into a single body region
Which of the following phyla exhibit pentaradial symmetry? - WEEK 5
Echinoderms
True lungs first evolved in the _____ species. - WEEK 5
lungfish
Which clade underwent adaptive radiations, contributing to the majorty of mammalian diversity on earth today? - WEEK 5
Eutheria
What is an exaptation? - WEEK 5
A trait that has a function, but that was not originally produced by natural selection for its current use
A major constituent of the tunicate body is ______. - WEEK 5
cellulose
An integuments megasproangium is known as: - WEEK 7
An ovule
Name a synapomorphy for the angiosperms (flowering plants) - WEEK 7
tectate pollen
Name an evolutionary innovation found in gymnosperms - WEEK 7
ovule
Name one evolutionary advantage of having a multicellular sporophyte phase - WEEK 7
Sporophyte can produce more gametes
Name one of the three living lineages of bryophyte - WEEK 7
liverwort
Name the diploid phase of the plant life-cycle - WEEK 7
sporophyte
Name the haploid phase of the plant life-cycle - WEEK 7
gametophyte
What are the products of meiosis in a plant? - WEEK 7
spores
What does an anteridium contain? - WEEK 7
Sperm
What does an archegonium contain? - WEEK 7
Egg (female gamete)
What is a fruit? - WEEK 7
A mature ovary
What is a seed? - WEEK 7
A fertilised ovule
What is the main reason conifers are important economically? - WEEK 7
provide wood for contruction and paper
What is the reproductive process that defines an angiosperm? - WEEK 7
double fertilisation
What structure in the ferm sporangium may be said to promote spore dispersal? - WEEK 7
annulus
Which hormone is responsible for the rice plant food survival? - WEEK 8
ethylene
By what meabs do meristematic cells communicate with each other? - WEEK 8
Plasmodesmata
Name a distinctive feature of plant architecture - WEEK 8
apical-basal polarity
Name a distinctive feature of the plant body plan. - WEEK 8
phytomer
Name a stage of Arabidopsus embrygenesis - Week 8
Heart
Name a type of phyllotaxy - WEEK 8
Decussate
What is the term used for when a plant can regenerate from a single cell? - WEEK 8
totipotency
Which hormone ensures apical dominance? - WEEK 8
auxin
Which hormone is required for climacteric fruit rippening? - WEEK 8
ethylene
Which hormone is required for phototropism? - WEEK 8
abscisic acid
