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BS1070 > Quiz answers > Flashcards

Quiz answers Flashcards

1
Q

Best description of evolution - WEEK 1

A

Populations change genetically from one generation to the next

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2
Q

Best description of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection? - WEEK 1

A

Darwin’s theory emphasised that populations vary and change over time

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3
Q

Best description of the effect of natural selection on a population - WEEK 1

A

Improved match between a population and its environment

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4
Q

Best definition of natural selection - WEEK 1

A

A process in which humans decide which plants and/or animals will and will not breed

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5
Q

It has been observed that organisms on many islands are different from, but closely related to, similar forms found on the nearest continent. What conclusion is best derived from this observation? - WEEK 1

A

Island forms are descended from mainland forms

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6
Q

What statement is most consistent with data obtained from the fossil record? - WEEK 1

A

Older strata carry fossils that differ greatlu from living organisms

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7
Q

Structures as different as human arms, bat wings, and dolphin flippers contain many of the same bones, which develop from similar embryonic tissues. These structural similarities are an example of ________. - WEEK 1

A

Homology

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8
Q

Which statement best describes whether we should consider the different forms different species? - WEEK 2

A

They are NOT different species - shown by the fact that they can interbreed

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9
Q

Beetle pollinators of a particular plant are attracted to its flowers’ bright orange color. The beetles not only pollinate the flowers, but they mate while inside the flowers. A mutant version of the plant with red flowers becomes more common with the passage of time. A particular variant of the beetle prefers the red flowers to the orange flowers. Over time, these two beetle variants diverge from each other to such an extent that interbreeding is no longer possible.

Which of the following possible causes of speciation best describes the beetle example and what factor has driven it? - WEEK 2

A

Sympatric speciation; habitat diffrentiation

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10
Q

Carolus Linnaeus believed that species remained fixed in the form in which they had been created. Which of the following concepts are inconsistent with Linnaeus’s model of classification? - WEEK 2

A

phylogenies

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11
Q

If biological species are defined in terms of reproductive compatibility, which of the following factors determines the formation of a new species? - WEEK 2

A

Reproductive isolation

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12
Q

Members of two different species possess a similar-looking structure that they use in a similar way to perform about the same function. Which of the following observations would suggest that the relationship more likely represents homology than convergent evolution? - WEEK 2

A

The embryonic development of the two structures is similar

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13
Q

Which of the germ layers gives rise to the muscles? - WEEK 3

A

Mesoderm

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14
Q

What is the blastocoel? - WEEK 3

A

A fluid-filled bubble in the embryo

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15
Q

What is the archenteron? - WEEK 3

A

The developing digestive tube

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16
Q

What type of symetry to parazoa exhibit? - WEEK 3

A

None

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17
Q

Which is the order of development in a deuterostome? - WEEK 3

A

Anus before mouth

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18
Q

Which germ layer do neural crest cells arise from? - WEEK 3

A

Ectoderm

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19
Q

What are eumetazoa? - WEEK 3

A

Animals with true tissue

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20
Q

What is cleavage? - WEEK 3

A

The early steps of cell division in the embryo

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21
Q

Which type of embryp only contains two germ layers? - WEEK 3

A

A diploblast

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22
Q

Vertebrates account for what percentage of animal species on earth? - WEEK 4

A

3%

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23
Q

Cnidaria lack: - WEEK 4

A

Mesoderm

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24
Q

Cnidaria get their name from a specialised type of cell used for defence and predation called a _______. - WEEK 4

A

cnidocyte

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25
Q

The head structure of cephalopods is thought to have evolved from which molluscan structure? - WEEK 4

A

Foot

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26
Q

Sponges are: - WEEK 4

A

Asymmetric animals

27
Q

Planarians are: - WEEK 4

A

Platyhelminthes

28
Q

Sedentarians and arrantians are: - WEEK 4

A

Annelids

29
Q

The archenteron of the developing embryo eventually develops into the: - WEEK 4

A

Digestive tract

30
Q

The mollusc rasping apparatus used for feeding is called a: - WEEK 4

A

Radula

31
Q

What does “ecdysis” mean? - WEEK 5

A

Process of moulting

32
Q

Hexapoda include: - WEEK 5

A

insects

33
Q

The term for bodies made of a repeating series of segements is _____. - WEEK 5

A

metamerism

34
Q

What is tagmosis? - WEEK 5

A

The fusion of body segments into a single body region

35
Q

Which of the following phyla exhibit pentaradial symmetry? - WEEK 5

A

Echinoderms

36
Q

True lungs first evolved in the _____ species. - WEEK 5

A

lungfish

37
Q

Which clade underwent adaptive radiations, contributing to the majorty of mammalian diversity on earth today? - WEEK 5

A

Eutheria

38
Q

What is an exaptation? - WEEK 5

A

A trait that has a function, but that was not originally produced by natural selection for its current use

39
Q

A major constituent of the tunicate body is ______. - WEEK 5

A

cellulose

40
Q

An integuments megasproangium is known as: - WEEK 7

A

An ovule

41
Q

Name a synapomorphy for the angiosperms (flowering plants) - WEEK 7

A

tectate pollen

42
Q

Name an evolutionary innovation found in gymnosperms - WEEK 7

A

ovule

43
Q

Name one evolutionary advantage of having a multicellular sporophyte phase - WEEK 7

A

Sporophyte can produce more gametes

44
Q

Name one of the three living lineages of bryophyte - WEEK 7

A

liverwort

45
Q

Name the diploid phase of the plant life-cycle - WEEK 7

A

sporophyte

46
Q

Name the haploid phase of the plant life-cycle - WEEK 7

A

gametophyte

47
Q

What are the products of meiosis in a plant? - WEEK 7

A

spores

48
Q

What does an anteridium contain? - WEEK 7

A

Sperm

49
Q

What does an archegonium contain? - WEEK 7

A

Egg (female gamete)

50
Q

What is a fruit? - WEEK 7

A

A mature ovary

51
Q

What is a seed? - WEEK 7

A

A fertilised ovule

52
Q

What is the main reason conifers are important economically? - WEEK 7

A

provide wood for contruction and paper

53
Q

What is the reproductive process that defines an angiosperm? - WEEK 7

A

double fertilisation

54
Q

What structure in the ferm sporangium may be said to promote spore dispersal? - WEEK 7

A

annulus

55
Q

Which hormone is responsible for the rice plant food survival? - WEEK 8

A

ethylene

56
Q

By what meabs do meristematic cells communicate with each other? - WEEK 8

A

Plasmodesmata

57
Q

Name a distinctive feature of plant architecture - WEEK 8

A

apical-basal polarity

58
Q

Name a distinctive feature of the plant body plan. - WEEK 8

A

phytomer

59
Q

Name a stage of Arabidopsus embrygenesis - Week 8

A

Heart

60
Q

Name a type of phyllotaxy - WEEK 8

A

Decussate

61
Q

What is the term used for when a plant can regenerate from a single cell? - WEEK 8

A

totipotency

62
Q

Which hormone ensures apical dominance? - WEEK 8

A

auxin

63
Q

Which hormone is required for climacteric fruit rippening? - WEEK 8

A

ethylene

64
Q

Which hormone is required for phototropism? - WEEK 8

A

abscisic acid

BS1070 (10 decks)

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