Quiz and Exam 2 Flashcards
Julio-Claudians
Roman dynasty of Julius Caesar’s successors and the first 5 emperors to rule the Roman Empire, starting from Augustus to Nero
Polyphemus
The one-eyed giant in the Odyssey, the Son of Poseidon, is blinded by Odysseus during their escape from his cave.
Scylla
a female sea monster in Greek Mythology and present in the Odyssey, 6 men sacrificed to her in order to let them pass through the sea, 6 heads on long-snaky necks
Barrel vault
an continuous set of arches along a given distance, smooth, no hard edges, creates a tunnel-like ceiling
Groin vault
formed by the perpendicular intersection of two barrel vaults, used for ceiling structural support, limits materials needed for ceiling construction
Noxii
Criminals or outcasts condemned to gladiator battles against unfair match-ups such as professional gladiators or beasts, most likely to result in their deaths, basically public execution
Bestiarius
Roman gladiators who went up against beasts
Gaul
ancient regions of France, Belgium, west Germany, and north Italy, annexed by Rome, Home of La Tène Culture
La Tène
culture originating in the Late Iron Age, doesn’t correspond to any ethnic group, culture overlapped with Celts, material culture lots of metalwork, buried with swords, carts, household goods
Wetwang Woman
Female skeleton found in Yorkshire, died from injuries such as a fall, buried with a chariot, believed to be a Celtic warrior
Oppidum
an ancient Roman provincial town lacking self-government, fortified settlement
Wicker men
a large wicker statue in which the druids (priests of Celtic paganism) sacrificed humans and animals by burning.
Atrium
Main room or public part of a house, center of houses social and political life
Tablinum
office, records kept, also a dining room, would be aligned, with the street so that citizens walking by or coming in could see the paterfamilias (head of household) at work.
Peristyle
open garden surrounded by continuous porch formed by row of columns
Pentheus
king of Thebes, tries to defy the god Dionysus by banning worship of him, he is tricked and ripped limb from limb, name means “Man of Sorrows
Dirce
queen of Thebes, her nephew Antiope was raped by Zeus and when she left her kids to herdsmen, and she was returned to Dirce who treated her poorly, when she escapes she finds her sons and when Dirce comes to find Antiope they tie her to bull.
Dacia
province in ancient Rome, present Romania, Trajan waged war against them to take over their territory
Canopus
A private-pool representing a branch of the Nile located in Emperor Hadrian’s Villa, some artistic inspiration taken from Ancient Greece
Damnatio memoriae
The progressive
memory removal of anybody that government-deemed a tyrant
Portrait of Augustus as Imperator
Marble portrait of Augustus, god-like imagery, youthful look in a authoritative pose showing his strength and leadership as a general, his breastplate depicts a Parthian giving a Roman a military banner, Cupid is present on a dolphin because of Augustus and Julius Caesar’s claim that the Julian family descended from the goddess Venus
Blinding of Polyphemus
1st century Marble structure at Tiberius’s villa depicting the Odyssey’s hero Odysseus and his men sneakily plunging a burning stake into the one-eyed giant Polyphemus’ eye
Domus Aurea Dining Room
1st-century dining room in Emperor Nero’s palace located in the Domus Aurea that supposedly rotated, while the ceiling turned, perfumes were sprayed over guests and dropped rose petals, made from marble, speculation that it was manually rotated by slaves underneath
Arch of Titus
1st century honor arch made from marble, built by Emperor Domitian to commemorate his older brother and predecessor Titus, relief on arch depicts the fall of Jerusalem, shows Jewish spoils being taken in victory
Colosseum
built in the 1st century ordered by Emperor Vespasian, built in order to revitalize Rome after the turbulent reign of the 4 emperors, hosted games, gladiatorial combats and wild animal fights
Sanctuary, Gournay-sur-Aronde
3rd-century commune, La Tene, Late Iron Age, home to many animal and human sacrifices as shown by massive amounts of bones found at the site, skulls shown on the front entrance
Aqueduct, Nimes
1st-century aqueduct, Roman monument, 50 km long, supplied Nimes with water, supplied fresh water for baths, fountains, and drinking water for citizens
Cernunnos between Apollo and Mercury
1st-century relief showing the Celtic god Cernunnos with Apollo on the left and Mercury on the right, Cernunnos is a god depicted with antlers and seated cross-legged, he has a wolf and deer by his feet, “lord of wild things
House of the Faun
2nd century palace, framed by peristyle, Pompeii, one of the largest and most expensive residence in Pompeii, housed many mosaics with the most notable being the Alexander mosaic, had storefront shops
Villa, Settefinestre
2nd-century villa, run by slaves, with many narrow hallways indicating slave quarters, hidden so guests could not see where slaves roam, rooms not far apart
Domitan’s Palace
1st-century palace built for the emperor Domitian separated into the Domus Flavia, the Domus Augustana, and the garden, business matters and private matters were separated into different wings, also had public gardens for guests to enjoy
Woman of the guise of Venus
A nude woman posing like the goddess Venus, she represents beauty, sexuality, and fertility; her facial expression is stern, middle-aged, elegant style of popular female hairstyle at the time, do not follow the interest in realism
Bust of Hadrian
Portrait of the Roman Emperor Hadrian, cousin of Trajan, he had been appointed to be the next heir after Trajan, Hadrian was heavily influenced by Greek culture, he wore a beard which wasn’t common for Romans
Pantheon, Rome
A temple dedicated to all Roman gods, rebuilt after the Great Fire of Rome, construction started under Trajan’s Rule, finished under Hadrian, has a Room with a massive domed ceiling that was the largest of its kind
Column of Marcus Aurelius
A spiral Roman victory column, deep carvings so painting was more legible , gods are depicted, shows campaign against Germans and Sarmatians
