Quiz Flashcards
The FOUR Principles of Drying are
R - Remove Excess
E - Evaporation
D - Dehumidification (Ventilation)
T - Temperature Control
The ANSI/IICRC S500 defines the Category of water which ORIGINATES FROM A SANITARY WATER SOURCE and does not pose substantial risk to humans is
Category 1
The CLASS OF WATER with the GREATEST EVAPORATION potential amount of evaporation, due to the greatest amount of absorption (more than ~40% floor, wall, and ceiling area combined) is
Class 3
The CLASS OF WATER with wet materials with low permeance/porosity and deep pockets of saturation with water that is hidden, trapped or bound with LOW EVAPORATION,
- is also known as Class:
- is often referred to as:
Class 4
AKA - Special Drying Situation
The CLASS OF WATER with the LEAST amount of water and EVAPORATION (small area – comprising less than ~5% of floor, wall, and ceiling area combined) is
Class 1
When water contains significant contamination and potential to cause discomfort or sickness, it is called
Category 2
A water intrusion with wet porous materials representing ~5% - to- less than ~40% of
combined floor, wall, and ceiling surface area (carpet, gypsum board, fiber-fill insulation) is known as Class:
Class 2
Monitoring to document and adjust goals should be performed at least:
DAILY
An IEP, used to perform services beyond the expertise of the restorer, which may be needed initially, or at the end of a project, is an acronym for
Indoor Environmental Professional
Two documents to determine if evaporation and dehumidification process is adequate are
- MOISTURE MAP (validates moisture content and location)
& - DAILY HUMIDITY RECORD (helps determine if evaporation and dehumidification
process is adequate)
Before wearing respirators, the “Company Protection Plan” states all employees shall be: a. b. and trained to c.
a) medical evaluation
b) fit tested
c) trained: don, doff, clean/maintain
Light wand will most effectively extract which type carpet installation?
direct glue-down
The most effective principle to reduce drying time is:
Thorough and meticulous extraction
The tool used to safely extract water from hard surfaces (e.g., concrete, wood, vinyl) without damaging finished flooring or the extraction wand is:
and is also known as:
hard surface wand (a.k.a., vacuum squeegee)
(FILL-IN FORMULA)
The formula to compute gallons of standing water is written as:
a) _______x ___________÷ ______ = (cubic footage) x _______ = (_________to pump-out)
L x H (sq ft) (x Depth) ÷ 12 = (cubic footage)
x 7.48 = (gallons of water to pump-out)
The approximate number of gallons in a 22 ft. x 22 ft. (6.7 m x 6.7 m) basement flooded with 3 ft. 4 inches (40 inches or 1.0 m) of water is:
12,067
[22x22 (x40)=19,360
19,360÷12=1613.3 or 1614
1613.3x7.48=12,067.7
Two tools to use when relieving tension on carpet while disengaging at corners, are:
- )
- )
- Knee Kicker
2. Carpet Awl
Once inspected and determined if carpet is glue-down…or…if installed over cushion (padding), the easiest of the two installation processes to extract is:
a)
direct glue-down
The government regulatory AGENCY dictating employee health and safety in the workplace is:
a)
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
When using conventional refrigerant dehumidifiers in a Class 2 water loss containing 12,000 ft3 (339 m3), the initial AHAM-rated capacity recommended (pints per day) is:
300
On #1,
(refrigerant dehumidifiers in a Class 2 water loss containing 12,000 ft3 (339 m3))
if a dehumidifier which processes 64 pts. at AHAM is used, the recommended
number of units to install is:
5
When using low grain refrigerant (LGR) dehumidifiers on a Class 3 that is capable of removing 130 pints (61 liters) at AHAM, the recommended # of units to be installed initially within drying chamber of 36,000 ft3 (1019.4 m3) is:
7
When using desiccant dehumidification to dry a structure with deeply-held bound water in plaster walls or cupped hardwood flooring in 40 ft x 65 ft. (12m x 19.5m) with 9-foot (2.7 meter) ceilings, the initial CFM for dehumidification is:
1170
On #4,
(deeply held water; 40 ft x 65 ft. (12m x 19.5m) with 9-foot (2.7 meter) ceilings)
if the desiccant used processes 385 cfm, the recommended number of units is:
4
On #4,
[deeply bound, 40 ft x 65 ft. with 9-foot ceiling]
if the desiccant used processes 900 cfm, the recommended number of units is:
2
After installing one airmover in each affected area, three (3) additional calculations SHOULD include adding one (1) airmover every:
a)
b)
c)
a. ) 50-70 sq. ft. floor up to 24”;
b. ) 100-150 – wall/ceiling over 24”;
c. ) offset over 18”
When calculations end with a partial room, calculations require rounding to the:
a)
next whole number
Airmovers may overheat and decrease cfm/air movement if:
a)
inlet screens are blocked
The rate of evaporation is greatly influenced by (correct PATH to evaporation):
a) P
b) A
c) T
d) H
a) P - Permeance;
b) A - Airflow;
c) T - Temperature;
d) H - Humidity
Refrigerant dehumidifiers work on the principle of:
a)
condensation
Desiccant dehumidifiers work on the principle of:
a)
b) by using what product
a) sorption “AD”sorption
b) by using silica gel
Refrigerant dehumidifiers are rated most efficient between the temperature range of:
a)
b) its sweet spot (highly efficient temperature)
a) 70-90
b) ‘sweet spot’ 85-90
Although LGR dehumidifiers start to lose efficiency below 34 gpp, conventional refrigerant dehumidifiers start losing efficiency below:
a)
55 gpp
AHAM (Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers) rating for temperature and relative humidity is computed at:
a) (TEMP) - ___ degrees
b) (RH) - ___ %
Temp - 80
RH - 60%
To determine INITIAL dehumidifier capacity recommendations, it is required to know:
a)
b)
c)
a) cu. ft. affected area;
b) class of intrusion;
c) dehumidifier type
The type dehumidifier that creates the greatest difference in Vapor Pressure between ambient and processed air (across a broad range of temperatures and gpp), is:
a)
desiccant (greatest different in gpp IS greatest VP difference
The type dehumidifier that creates difference in Air Pressures due to wet reactivation air ducted outside (or dry air ducted into the wet area from the outside) is:
a)
Desiccant (consistently creating air pressure difference (positive/negative)
The approximate number of gallons in a 17 ft. x 34 ft. (5.1 m x 10.2 m) basement flooded with 1 ft. 8 inches (20 inches / .5 m) of water is:
7205
When using conventional refrigerant dehumidifiers in a Class 3 water loss containing 10,500 ft3 (294 m3), the initial AHAM-rated capacity recommended (pints per day) is:
350
On #2,
[conventional refrigerant dehumidifiers in a Class 3 water loss containing 10,500 ft3]
if a dehumidifier which processes 70 pts. at AHAM is used, the initial recommended number of units to install is:
5
When using low grain refrigerant (LGR) dehumidifiers on a Class 2 that all are rated capable of removing 170 pints (80 liters) at AHAM, the initial recommended number of units to be installed within drying the chamber of 27,000 ft3 (756 m3) is:
4
When using desiccant dehumidification to dry a structure with deeply-held bound water in cupped hardwood flooring in a 3,200 ft2 (288 m2) with 8-foot (2.44 meter) ceilings, the initial CFM for dehumidification is:
1280
On #5,
[desiccant…deeply-held bound water…3,200 ft2…8-foot ceilings]
if the desiccant used processes 400 cfm, the recommended number of units is:
4
On #5,
[desiccant…deeply-held bound water…3,200 ft2…8-foot ceilings]
if the desiccant used processes 900 cfm, the recommended number of units is:
2
If required to have four air exchanges within a 30 ft. x 30 ft. area with 9 ft. ceilings, the amount of cfm needed is:
540
Referring to #8,
[four air exchanges…30 ft. x 30 ft. area with 9 ft. ceilings]
if AFD unit’s rating is 470 cfm, the installed number of units would be:
2
*How many airmovers initially should be installed using the sketch on page 21 and
considering the dimensions provided with sketch - RANGE dimensions.
_____ – _____
a. one for initial – in each room = ____; PLUS:
b. one for 12’ wall base in other room = ____; PLUS:
c. one for every 50-70 sq. ft. floor and up 24” = ____ – ____; PLUS:
d. one for offset over 18” = ____; PLUS:
e. one for every 100–150 sq. ft. of wet wall - 24” = ____
TOTAL ______ – ______
8, 9, or 10
A moisture ‘sensor’ (probe) does not measure moisture content. Rather, it only detects moisture over what percent moisture content:
a.
b. Primary purpose of ‘sensor’ is:
a) 17-19%
b) Primary purpose – defines potential water perimeter
A thermo-hygrometer (that determines temperature and humidities) also is used to help determine if which type equipment is in proper atmospheric condition (page #25 chart)…
a.
Dehumidifier (Efficiency Chart)
Atmospheric conditions should be taken and recorded for all air readings including inside and outside air, dehumidifier output, HVAC output, and unaffected areas. Important reading to also include on an atmospheric conditions report would be:
a.
surface temperature of wet materials
The type meter that ONLY obtains relative (comparing wet – to – dry) readings and not
calibrated for moisture content is called:
a.
b. a.k.a. (“ “)
non-penetrating
a.k.a. ‘non-invasive’
When using a non-penetrating meter to read walls (first in front of the airmovers at the base of the walls) several items can create a “false positive” including (among many):
a.
b.
c.
a. metal framing; metal corner bead - drywall; metal lath behind
b. foil-backed insulation
c. plumbing lines
When attempting to take readings with penetrating meters (detecting moisture through electrical conductivity), one method is to check behind or under trim molding. This can be done without removing trim by using an attachment called a:
a
paddle meter
When possible to do so, moisture content in hardwood flooring should be checked from:
a.
underneath, through the subflooring
Anemometers can be used as a tool to measure:
a.
air velocity
CFM – ‘cubic feet per minute’ and FPM – ‘feet per minute’ are measurements of:
CFM: ____
FRM: ____
CFM – volume of airflow
FRM – velocity / speed of airflow
In-place drying is only available in Category 1. Cushion (pad) should be removed if:
a.
b.
c.
a) Category 2
b) Category 3
c) Hazardous, regulated materials, mold
In the S500, LCCC is abbreviation acronym for:
a.
b. and…If directed against Standard or to perform illegal act, restorers should:
a) Limitations, Complexities, Complications, Conflicts
b) STOP WORK until conflict is resolved
Term describing the amount of moisture in a given volume of air, expressed as a
percentage (%) of total moisture amount it could hold at a given temperature is:
a.
relative humidity
Term to describe the weight of moisture held (suspended) in air is:
a.
humidity ratio (gpp)
Humidity ratio is expressed as:
a.
grains per pound of dry air (gpp)
Humidity ratio (gpp) is reduced through: a.
dehumidification
Vapor pressure is reduced through:
a.
dehumidification
When the rate of evaporation does not exceed the rate of dehumidification, the drying situation is said to be:
a.
balanced
The process of changing a solid directly to a gas (used in processing water-damaged documents through freeze-drying) is called:
a.
sublimation (freeze-drying / document processing)
A force (pressure) exerted in a gas (vapor) state on a surrounding surface is: a.
vapor pressure
The 3rd principle of drying - reduction of humidity ratio (gpp) is:
a.
dehumidification
Grain depression typically is recorded as the difference in:
a. compared to:
ambient air gpp …compared to…dehumidification output air gpp
The temperature at which air becomes saturated and condensation then begins on colder surfaces is called its:
a.
dew point temperature
Relative humidity percent at dew point temperature is:
a.
100
Intentionally exchanging indoor with outdoor air without using professional dehumidifiers (using windows, as an example), is called an:
a.
%
open drying system
Humidity (or moisture) is always in attempt to reach and not exceed a state of:
a.
equilibrium
Generally, increased evaporation occurs when ambient air temperature is:
a.
higher
The temperature at which condensation will occur on a material’s surface when the material contacts air at 90°F (32°C) and 40% RH is:
a.
63°F (Dew Point temperature)
If humidity ratio is 45 gpp and relative humidity is 40%, the temperature is:
a.
70°F
On a structural drying project, the indoor condition is 80°F (27°C) and 70% RH.
The temperature needed to bring the relative humidity (RH) to 50% is:
a.
90°F
Which atmospheric condition below has the lowest vapor pressure?
a. __________95ºF (35 ºC) / 30 RH - 72 gpp
b. __________120ºF (49 ºC) / 20 RH - 99 gpp
c. __________ 40ºF (4ºC) / 90 RH - 34 gpp
d. __________80ºF (35 ºC) / 30 RH - 45 gpp
“C” 34 gpp
At 80°F (27°C) and 60°F dew point, other psychrometric conditions listed below:
a. Relative Humidity (RH) _______
b. Humidity Ratio (gpp) _______
a. RH - 50%
b. gpp - 78
What 3 potential concerns exist in each below conditions if psychrometric drying conditions after 24 hours of drying inside the structure are 65ºF (18ºC) / 70 RH??
a. Temperature of air?
b. RH? (3 different RH reading concerns…what % amounts and the reasons)
1) over _____ % ____________________
and…
2) over
_____________________
and…
3) over _____ % __________________
c. Dew Point vs. probable floor temperature?
a) Temp: too low temp for optimum conditions of refrigerant dehumidifier
b) over 60% - hygroscopic over 70% - microbial over 40% -payment; insurance specifications often require less than 40%
c) DP - 55°F ;
probably floor 10°F less than air 55°F; thus, no evaporation
If ambient air temperature is same in all four rooms below, the wall/floor surface temperature that would most typically promote the fastest rate of evaporation is:
a. 80ºF (27ºC)
b. 75ºF (24ºC)
c. 90ºF (32ºC)
d. 70ºF (21ºC)
90ºF (32ºC) – Highest room temp would also be faster if gets to the water…
What is the grain (gram) depression in below example?
• Air entering a dehumidifier from room is 80°F (27°C) and 60% RH
• Air exiting the dehumidifier, AC, or the outside air is 95°F (35°C) / 20% RH?
a.
42 grains (92 gpp – 50 gpp = 42 GD)
Five atmospheric condition readings typically recorded include: a. b. c. d. e.
a. Outside;
b. Inside;
c. dehumidifier output;
d. HVAC output;
e. unaffected
The weight (or percentage) of moisture in a material, compared to the weight in dry material (oven/kiln dried) is called: a. ACRONYM ( )
Moisture Content (MC)
Equilibrium Moisture Content (EMC) is:
a. Defined as:
b. Found where:
c. Also Known As:
a) wood materials that reached equilibrium humidity within environment
b) unaffected area
c) dry standard (often compared to drying goal)
When drying materials, tolerance level over EMC should never exceed level to support:
a.
microbial growth (16% moisture content in wood)
Grain depression, when using an open drying system, occurs when:
a.
Humidity ratio (gpp) outside is less than humidity ratio (gpp) inside
Grain depression, when using a dehumidifier, is determined as:
a.
difference in gpp entering and leaving the dehumidifier
When determining options to dry or remove insulation, first two considerations are:
a.
b.
a. Category of water
b. Class of water intrusion
With exception of water intrusion from overhead, the direction to inspect walls is from:
a.
bottom upward
If blown cellulose insulation becomes wet it must be removed as it can: a. b. c. d.
a) pack down
b) lose “R” value
c) support microbial growth
d) keeps framing wet
Saturated and sagging ceilings will almost always need to be:
a.
Removed
Drying options for built-in cabinetry can include:
a.
b.
c.
a) ducted ventilation (positive)
b) injected (positive or negative)
c) opening wall, if practical, to dry cavity
Wood with edges higher than the center is known as cupping. However, edges lower
than the center (most often caused by sanding prior to drying) is defined as:
a.
crowning
Non-destructive surface fungal growth can occur on wood when moisture content remains at or above 16%. Destructive fungal growth (rotting fungus) can also occur within wood when moisture content of wood remains at or above what percent:
a.
20%
Wood fiber saturation (“wet rot”) can occur when moisture content remains over:
a.
30%
Two most common (effective and limited invasive) methods or processes of drying hardwood flooring include:
a.
b.
a) subsurface positive pressure
b) negative air with panel (mats)
Acclimation time for wood flooring, following restoration, usually averages:
a.
30 – 45 days (1-2% per month)
The highest level of antimicrobial activity is achieved by a:
a.
sterilizer
The product which kills 99.9% of microorganisms, but not all the spores is called a:
a. _______________________
disinfectant
The lowest level of antimicrobial activity, reducing microorganisms to a safe level as
judged by public health agencies is called a:
a.
sanitizer
If using antimicrobial biocides, the restorer should obtain what document and when:
a.
b.
a) written informed consent with customer’s signature
b) prior to application
Before applying disinfectants, the restorer should: (OPEN-ENDED RESPONSES) a. b. c. d.
a) ensure proper PPE is available to restorer
b) recommend occupants and animals be removed from site
c) discuss potential risks and benefits with customers
d) make available label and SDS
Compared to other disinfectant types, true botanical types have several positive considerations including: a. b. c.
a) limited to no PPE
b) typically, property owner can remain in affected areas being treated
c) not inactivated in organic matter
