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Wildlife Biology (Mammals/Ecology) FINAL > Quiz 8 Plant Communities > Flashcards

Quiz 8 Plant Communities Flashcards

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1
Q

Plant Community Characteristics

A
  • a distinct assemblage of plant species that interact with each other and their physical environment
  • naturally occurring
  • provide many important habitats to animals and other plant species
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2
Q

Influencing Factors of a Plant Community:

Biotic Factors

A

-humans, urbanization, use, history, other animals, other plants

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3
Q

Influencing Factors of a Plant Community:

Abiotic Factors

A

-soil, and its physical/chemical composition, minerals

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4
Q

Influencing Factors of a Plant Community:

Physiography

A

-topography = slope, terrain, elevation, canyons, ridges

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5
Q

Influencing Factors of a Plant Community:

Climate

A

-temperature, water, fire, solar radiation

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6
Q

Plant Dominance

A
  • size
  • abundance relative to other plants in the community
  • its impact on the community
  • more than one plant species may be dominant in a community
  • several species may be co-dependent
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7
Q

Plant Disturbance

A

fire, flood, plowing, grazing are examples of disturbances that may change a plant community

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8
Q

Ecological Succesion

A

an initial plant community that will gradually change into another plant community over the course of many years

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9
Q

Climax Community

A

a stable community that develops as long as there are no more major disturbances

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10
Q 
3 Levels of Biodiversity
#1
A

Genetic Diversity

populations of plants and animals

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11
Q 
3 Levels of Biodiversity
#2
A

Species Diversity

the # of different species in world

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12
Q 
3 Levels of Biodiversity
#3
A

Ecosystem Diversity

protect all ecosystems, entire landscapes

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13
Q

Bottleneck Effect

A

an event causes a species to be pushed through a bottleneck and only a few that are adapted can survive (disease, environment change)

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14
Q

of named species

A

~1.8 million

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15
Q

Estimated # of species worldwide

A

~30 million

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16
Q

most species in the world are:

A

insects

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17
Q

Threats to Species Diversity

A

Habitat Loss
Habitat Alteration
Introduced Species
Overexplotation

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18
Q

Habitat Loss

A 
#1 cause due to agriculture, urban sprawl, forestry, mining
fragmentation: creating smaller habitats and popluations from a once larger one
19
Q

Habitat Alteration

A

global warming
pollution (DDT, Mercury)
-Biomagnification: higher in food chain the amt of toxins reaches highest (top predators highest, plankton in ocean lowest

20
Q

Introduced Species

A

non-native, exotic, alien species
intentional or accidental
Invasive Species when it: displaces native species, by preying on them, outcompeting natives for resources, it has no natural predators
(Bullfrog, African Clawed Frog)

21
Q

Overexplotation

A

-harvest wild organisms at rates where it exceeds their ability to rebound and replace themselves
-extra vulnerable species: ones on island habitats
and large animals w/ slow reproductive rates
(over fishing and illegal trade)

22
Q

Why Protect Biodiversity?

A

-intrinsic value
(biophilia: connection to nature)
-instrumental value:
(practical uses, economic, ecological: clean air/water, recreation, scientific knowledge/research)

23
Q

Biodiversity Hot Spots

A
  • high degree of endemic species: only live in that only place on earth
  • threatened by human activity
  • major goal of conservationists is to establish and protect this place
24
Q

Salt Marshes

A

estuaries (tidal wetland w/freshwater flow)
Salt Grass and Pickleweed
(Halophites: can grow in salt water)

25
Q

Costal Strand and Bluffs

A

sand dunes, stabilized areas, receive salt spray

26
Q

Costal Sage Scrub

A

Costal Hills sea level to 2000ft, aromatic plants

Sagebrush, Chamise, Buckwheat, Redwood

27
Q

True Chaparral

A

interior foothills, mts, valleys below 6000ft
drought tolerant
Scrub Oak, Manzanita, Tyon, Laural Sumac, Red Shank
Old Growth (has not been burned in over 50 years)

28
Q

Riparian

A

along flowing, shallow, freshwater

Scyamore, Maple, Willow trees

29
Q

Grasslands

A

Hot interior valleys, less than 20inches of rain, usually only grasses, wildflowers and after rain vernal pools

30
Q

Oak Woodland

A

3000-5000ft elevation, grassy and park-like, scattered trees and low shrubs
Oaks, Buckeye

31
Q

Lower Montane Forrest

A 
Coniferous forrests and meadows 
West side of Sierra Nevada
Sequoia trees (fire adapted) 
Ponderosa pine
White fur
32
Q

Upper Montane

A

Coniferous forrests, meadows

Lodgepole Pine

33
Q

Subalpine Forests

A

just below treeline btwn montane and alpine zone
exposed granite rock, spotted with dry dead trees some are subject to
flagging: stripped on one side
krummholtz: twisted tree growth
Bristlecone Pine

34
Q

Alpine

A

above the timberline, small rounded plants, strong winds, large wildflowers (non aromatic to preserve water but still attract pollenators)

35
Q

Sagebrush Scrub

A

Eastern slopes of mountains

Basin Sagebrush, Big Sagebrush (aromatic)

36
Q

Joshua Tree Woodland

A

Mojave “High” Desert 2000-6000ft
Joshua Trees, Teddy Bear Cholla
Yucca Moth (symbiotic mutual relationship w/ Joshua tree)
Joshua tree tips can frost over then branch and flower and seeds must germinate under shade or else it will dry up

37
Q

Cretosote Brush Scrub

A 
Colorado Desert (Low Desert) 
Creosote Bush, Ocotillo, Teddybear Cholla
38
Q

Desert Washes

A

watercourses in desert after rains

Palo Verdes, Smoke Trees

39
Q

Oases/Oasis

A

Permanent source of water may be underground

Fan Palms dominate

40
Q

True Chaparral

Obligate Resprouters

A

pyrophytes
Toyon and Scrub Oak
can be burned to the roots but can resprout

41
Q

True Chaparral

Obligate Seeders

A

pyrophytes
Ceanothus and Fire Poppies
can be completely destroyed but seeds survive fire

42
Q

Great Basin Desert

A

East of Sierra Nevada and North of the Mojave
Highest Desert (3000-6500ft)
Sagebrush Scrub Plant Community

43
Q

Virga

A

when it rains in the desert but the rain evaporates before reaching the ground

Wildlife Biology (Mammals/Ecology) FINAL (4 decks)

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