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Orgo Lab > Quiz 8 > Flashcards

Quiz 8 Flashcards

1
Q

How do you calculate the index of hydrogen deficiency?

A

= (2C + 2 - H)/2
- add 1 to numerator for every N/P
- subtract 1 to numerator for every halogen
- ignore Oxygen/Sulfur

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2
Q

What does Beilstein Test test for?

A

Presence of Halogen

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3
Q

What does Benedict’s Test test for?

A

Presence of reducing carbohydrates/hemiacetals

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4
Q

What does the Bicarbonate Test test for?

A

Presence of Carboxylic Acids and Sulfonic Acids

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5
Q

What does the Bromine Test test for?

A

Unsaturation (not aromatics)

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6
Q

What does the Jones Test test for?

A

Aldehydes, primary alcohols, secondary alcohols

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7
Q

What does the 2,4-DNPH/Brady’s Test test for?

A

Aldehydes and Ketones

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8
Q

What does the Ferric Hydroxamate Test test for?

A

Esters

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9
Q

What does the Iodoform Test test for?

A

Methyl ketones or secondary alcohols next to a methyl group

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10
Q

What does the Lucas Test test for?

A

tertiary and secondary alcohols

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11
Q

What does the Permanganate/Baeyer Test test for?

A

Unsaturation

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12
Q

What does the pH test test for?

A

Carboxylic and Sulfonic acids

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13
Q

What does the Phenol Test test for?

A

phenols

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14
Q

What does the silver nitrate test test for?

A

tertiary and secondary alkyl halides

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15
Q

What does the Sodium Iodide/Finkelstein Test test for?

A

some alkyl chlorides and bromides (primary and secondary)

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16
Q

What does the Tollens Test test for?

A

Aldehydes

17
Q

What does the Semicarbazone Test test for?

A

Aldehydes and Ketones

18
Q

What is the mechanism of the Jones test?

A
  • CrO3 in H2SO4
  • aldehydes, primary alcohols, and secondary alcohols: positive
  • tertiary alcohols: negative
  • Positive: Orange Cr6+ reagent becomes blue-green Cr3+ and precipitates in acetone
  • Negative: Orange remains orange
  • Primary alcohol becomes carboxylic acid
  • Secondary alcohol becomes ketone
  • Aldehyde becomes carboxylic acid
19
Q

What is the mechanism of the Tollens test?

A
  • Reagent Ag(NH3)2+ oxidizes aldehydes
  • Positive: formation of elemental silver/black colloidal precipitate
  • Negative: no formation of precipitate
  • Aldehyde becomes carboxylate anion
20
Q

What is the mechanism of the Lucas Test?

A
  • Reagent: concentrated HCl and ZnCl2
  • Alcohols react to produce alkyl halides that are insoluble in aqueous solution
  • Positive: cloudiness
  • Negative: clear
  • Tertiary alcohol react immediately
  • Secondary Alcohol reacts more slowly
  • Primary alcohols don’t react
  • Benzylic alcohols, allylic alcohols give immediate results
  • Phenols don’t react
21
Q

What is the mechanism of the Phenol/FeCl3 test?

A
  • Reagent: ferric chloride solution (FeCl3)
  • Positive: dark blue, purple, red, green; phenols form intensely colored complexes with Fe3+
  • Negative: yellow (fe3+ color)
22
Q

What is the mechanism of the Baeyer test?

A
  • Reagent: KMnO4
  • positive: deep purple reagent reduced to brown precipitate (MnO2)
  • Negative: deep purple with no precipitate
  • Alkene becomes doubly substituted alcohol
  • Aldehyde becomes carboxylic acid
23
Q

What is the mechanism of the Iodoform test?

A
  • Reagent: Iodine (I2) and Iodide (I-) in NaOH
  • Positive: formation of canary yellow precipitate or cloudy yellow solution
  • Negative: clear, yellow, or orange solution with no precipitate
  • primary alcohols and methyl ketones become carboxylate anions
24
Q

What is the mechanism of the semicarbazone test?

A
  • reagent: semicarbazide hydrochloride
  • positive: formation of semicarbazone, and if product has a different melting point than original compound
  • negative: no formation of semicarbazone, and if product has the same melting point as the original compound
25
Q

What is the mechanism of the 2,4-DNPH Test?

A
  • reagent: 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
  • positive: red, orange, yellow precipitates
  • negative: absence of precipitate and a transparent yellow-orange solution
  • aldehydes become attached to 2,4-DNPH via Nitrogen, carbonyl oxygen disappears
  • ketones become attached to 2,4-DNPH via Nitrogen, carbonyl oxygen disappears

Orgo Lab (9 decks)

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