Quiz 7 (Chapters 16 & 18)

Question 1

______________ is the chemical breakdown of food into small organic fragments.

Answer 1

Digestion

Question 2

What are the waves of muscular contractions that move along the length of the digestive tract called?

Answer 2

Peristalsis

Question 3

Which nerve controlls the stomach and initiates the production of gastric juice?

Answer 3

Vagus

Question 4

Which condition is caused by the abdominal organs sliding into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus?

Answer 4

Hiatal hernia

Question 5

The _____________ is the second segment of the small intestine and does the bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption.

Answer 5

Jejunum

Question 6

__________ is esophageal laceration secondary to vomiting.

Answer 6

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

Question 7

The cystic duct leaves the liver and leads to the:

Answer 7

Gallbladder

Question 8

Which of the following is a general function of the liver?

Answer 8

Bile production, metabolic regulation, hematological regulation. (All of the above)

Question 9

What is the most common cause of cirrhosis?

Answer 9

Chronic alcohol abuse

Question 10

The liver receives about ___________ percent of cardiac output.

Answer 10

25%

Question 11

What is the most common cause of chronic viral hepatitis in the United States?

Answer 11

Hepatitis C

Question 12

Roughly half of our daily vitamin _____________ requirements are produced by intestinal bacteria.

Answer 12

K

Question 13

Patients with hollow organ problems tend to have:

Answer 13

Diffuse abdominal pain

Question 14

The renal tubule is responsible for:

Answer 14

Reabsorbing useful organic molecules, secreting any waste products missed by the filtration process, reabsorbing water. (All of the above)

Question 15

Filtration membranes allow the passage of:

Answer 15

Water, ions, and glucose

Question 16

In the proximal convoluted tubule, water moves out of the tubular fluid by what process?

Answer 16

Osmosis

Question 17

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle actively transports:

Answer 17

Sodium

Question 18

The hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin are secreted by the:

Answer 18

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 19

Which is a metabolic waste product of the breakdown of amino acids?

Answer 19

Urea

Question 20

Which hormone, when at lower levels, decreases water permeability in the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct?

Answer 20

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 21

In _____________, the functions of damaged kidneys arem performed by a machine that facilitates diffusion between the patient’s blood and a carefully regulated fluid.

Answer 21

Dialysis

Question 22

Which of the following is a major hormone involved in regulating kidney function?

Answer 22

Aldosterone, Angiotensin II, ADH. (All of the above)

Question 23

Atrial natriuretic peptide is released by ____________ when blood volume and blood pressure are too high adn opposes the actions of the renin-angiotensin system.

Answer 23

Atrial cardiac muscle cells

Question 24

Kidney stones consisting of ___________ are the most common.

Answer 24

Calcium salts

Question 25

The ____________ and the kidneys play key roles in maintaining the acid-base balance of body fluids.

Answer 25

Lungs

Question 26

If extra cellular fluids (ECF) become hypertonic, as compared to the intrcellular fluids (ICF), water will move in which direction?

Answer 26

From the cells into the ECF

Question 27

In response to circulating aldosterone, the kidneys ____________ sodium ions.

Answer 27

Reabsorb

Question 28

Severe acidosis can cause what effect on the body?

Answer 28

CNS deterioration, peripheral vasodilation, weak cardiac contractions. (All of the above)

Question 29

______________ occurs when alveolar ventilation is increased, resulting in excess elimination of CO2.

Answer 29

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 30

The ______________ buffer system depends on the ability of amino acids to respond to changes in pH by accepting or releasing hydrogen ions.

Answer 30

protein