Quiz 7 (Chapters 16 & 18) Flashcards

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1
Q

______________ is the chemical breakdown of food into small organic fragments.

A

Digestion

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2
Q

What are the waves of muscular contractions that move along the length of the digestive tract called?

A

Peristalsis

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3
Q

Which nerve controlls the stomach and initiates the production of gastric juice?

A

Vagus

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4
Q

Which condition is caused by the abdominal organs sliding into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus?

A

Hiatal hernia

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5
Q

The _____________ is the second segment of the small intestine and does the bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption.

A

Jejunum

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6
Q

__________ is esophageal laceration secondary to vomiting.

A

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

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7
Q

The cystic duct leaves the liver and leads to the:

A

Gallbladder

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8
Q

Which of the following is a general function of the liver?

A

Bile production, metabolic regulation, hematological regulation. (All of the above)

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9
Q

What is the most common cause of cirrhosis?

A

Chronic alcohol abuse

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10
Q

The liver receives about ___________ percent of cardiac output.

A

25%

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11
Q

What is the most common cause of chronic viral hepatitis in the United States?

A

Hepatitis C

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12
Q

Roughly half of our daily vitamin _____________ requirements are produced by intestinal bacteria.

A

K

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13
Q

Patients with hollow organ problems tend to have:

A

Diffuse abdominal pain

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14
Q

The renal tubule is responsible for:

A

Reabsorbing useful organic molecules, secreting any waste products missed by the filtration process, reabsorbing water. (All of the above)

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15
Q

Filtration membranes allow the passage of:

A

Water, ions, and glucose

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16
Q

In the proximal convoluted tubule, water moves out of the tubular fluid by what process?

A

Osmosis

17
Q

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle actively transports:

A

Sodium

18
Q

The hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin are secreted by the:

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

19
Q

Which is a metabolic waste product of the breakdown of amino acids?

A

Urea

20
Q

Which hormone, when at lower levels, decreases water permeability in the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct?

A

Antidiuretic hormone

21
Q

In _____________, the functions of damaged kidneys arem performed by a machine that facilitates diffusion between the patient’s blood and a carefully regulated fluid.

A

Dialysis

22
Q

Which of the following is a major hormone involved in regulating kidney function?

A

Aldosterone, Angiotensin II, ADH. (All of the above)

23
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide is released by ____________ when blood volume and blood pressure are too high adn opposes the actions of the renin-angiotensin system.

A

Atrial cardiac muscle cells

24
Q

Kidney stones consisting of ___________ are the most common.

A

Calcium salts

25
Q

The ____________ and the kidneys play key roles in maintaining the acid-base balance of body fluids.

A

Lungs

26
Q

If extra cellular fluids (ECF) become hypertonic, as compared to the intrcellular fluids (ICF), water will move in which direction?

A

From the cells into the ECF

27
Q

In response to circulating aldosterone, the kidneys ____________ sodium ions.

A

Reabsorb

28
Q

Severe acidosis can cause what effect on the body?

A

CNS deterioration, peripheral vasodilation, weak cardiac contractions. (All of the above)

29
Q

______________ occurs when alveolar ventilation is increased, resulting in excess elimination of CO2.

A

Respiratory alkalosis

30
Q

The ______________ buffer system depends on the ability of amino acids to respond to changes in pH by accepting or releasing hydrogen ions.

A

protein