Quiz 7 (Chapters 16 & 18) Flashcards
______________ is the chemical breakdown of food into small organic fragments.
Digestion
What are the waves of muscular contractions that move along the length of the digestive tract called?
Peristalsis
Which nerve controlls the stomach and initiates the production of gastric juice?
Vagus
Which condition is caused by the abdominal organs sliding into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus?
Hiatal hernia
The _____________ is the second segment of the small intestine and does the bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption.
Jejunum
__________ is esophageal laceration secondary to vomiting.
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
The cystic duct leaves the liver and leads to the:
Gallbladder
Which of the following is a general function of the liver?
Bile production, metabolic regulation, hematological regulation. (All of the above)
What is the most common cause of cirrhosis?
Chronic alcohol abuse
The liver receives about ___________ percent of cardiac output.
25%
What is the most common cause of chronic viral hepatitis in the United States?
Hepatitis C
Roughly half of our daily vitamin _____________ requirements are produced by intestinal bacteria.
K
Patients with hollow organ problems tend to have:
Diffuse abdominal pain
The renal tubule is responsible for:
Reabsorbing useful organic molecules, secreting any waste products missed by the filtration process, reabsorbing water. (All of the above)
Filtration membranes allow the passage of:
Water, ions, and glucose
In the proximal convoluted tubule, water moves out of the tubular fluid by what process?
Osmosis
The ascending limb of the loop of Henle actively transports:
Sodium
The hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin are secreted by the:
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Which is a metabolic waste product of the breakdown of amino acids?
Urea
Which hormone, when at lower levels, decreases water permeability in the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct?
Antidiuretic hormone
In _____________, the functions of damaged kidneys arem performed by a machine that facilitates diffusion between the patient’s blood and a carefully regulated fluid.
Dialysis
Which of the following is a major hormone involved in regulating kidney function?
Aldosterone, Angiotensin II, ADH. (All of the above)
Atrial natriuretic peptide is released by ____________ when blood volume and blood pressure are too high adn opposes the actions of the renin-angiotensin system.
Atrial cardiac muscle cells
Kidney stones consisting of ___________ are the most common.
Calcium salts
The ____________ and the kidneys play key roles in maintaining the acid-base balance of body fluids.
Lungs
If extra cellular fluids (ECF) become hypertonic, as compared to the intrcellular fluids (ICF), water will move in which direction?
From the cells into the ECF
In response to circulating aldosterone, the kidneys ____________ sodium ions.
Reabsorb
Severe acidosis can cause what effect on the body?
CNS deterioration, peripheral vasodilation, weak cardiac contractions. (All of the above)
______________ occurs when alveolar ventilation is increased, resulting in excess elimination of CO2.
Respiratory alkalosis
The ______________ buffer system depends on the ability of amino acids to respond to changes in pH by accepting or releasing hydrogen ions.
protein
