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Intro To Physics > Quiz 7 > Flashcards

Quiz 7 Flashcards

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0
Q

Diff. Between 3phase 6pulse & 3phase 12pulse

A
  • reduced ripple with 12 pulse generator 3-10% ripple

* 6pulse 13-25% ripple

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1
Q

Ripple factor constant potential?

A

•less than 2% ripple

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2
Q

3phase generators or high frequency is approximately __% increase in kVp or almost ___ mAs over single phase power

A
  • 12%

* doubling mAs

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3
Q

Generator with least ripple

A
  • constant potential

* less than 2%

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4
Q

Generator with greatest exposure to patient

A

•single phase 100% ripple

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5
Q

Dose response curve for X-rays

A

•linear non threshold curve /

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6
Q

Cell biology

A
  • 85% water
  • proteins
  • carbohydrates
  • lipids
  • nucleus acids
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7
Q

Gonadal shielding

A
  • must be used when gonads are w/in 5cm of beam

* lead must be 0.5mm Pb equivalent

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8
Q

Cardinal principles of radiation protection?

A
  • TIME-keep time to a minimum (directly proportional)
  • DISTANCE-inverse square law the further u r the less exposure
  • SHIELDING-lead aprons, thyroid shields, gloves 0.25mm Pb equivalent
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9
Q

Primary barrier

A

•protects anything the primary beam hits (wall, structure)

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10
Q

Secondary barriers

A
  • protects against scatter/leakage

* stationary fixed barriers, viewing window

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11
Q

Whole body dose limits (occupational)

A

•5rem (50msv)

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12
Q

Extremities dose limits

A

•50rem (500mSv)

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13
Q

Lens of eye dose limits

A

•15rem (150mSv)

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14
Q

Accumulated dose limits

A

•1rem X age (in years)

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15
Q

Whole body dose frequent (public)

A

•0.1rem (1mSv)

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16
Q

Fetus total dose limit/ per month

A
  • total 0.5rem (5mSv)

* month 0.05rem (0.5mSv)

17
Q

Law of Bergonoie & Tribondeau

A
  • some tissues are more radiosensitive than others depends on:
  • primitive or stem cells *
  • rapidly dividing cells *
  • mitotic rate *
  • high metabolic rate
  • high proliferation
18
Q

(Linear energy transfer)LET

A
  • energy transferred per unit of path length

* Measures the rate of energy transferred from ionizing radiation to tissue

19
Q

Low LET

A
  • sub lethal
  • not highly ionizing
  • travel far
20
Q

High LET

A
  • highly ionizing

* poorly penetrating

21
Q

Direct damage

A
  • results in damage of cell

* occurs only when direct interaction with essential molecule/DNA/target molecule

22
Q

Indirect damage

A
  • results in no damage

* ionization of water

23
Q

Doubling dose

A

•amount of radiation required to double frequency of mutation

24
Q

Mitosis

A
  • cell division
  • 4 phases
  • prophase
  • metaphase
  • anaphase
  • telophase
25
Q

Interphase

A
  • period between divisions

* mitosis-G1-(S)phase-G2

26
Q

1rem = ?sV

A

•10Sv

27
Q

1Gy = ?Rad

A

•100rads

28
Q

Ionized water creates free radicals that combine to creat hydrogen peroxide, causes breakdown of membrane permeability

A

•Radioloysis of water(indirect effect)

29
Q

The primary beam is made up of what photons

A

•photoelectric

30
Q

LD 50/60

A

•50% of the population will die with in 60 days

31
Q

Most radiosensitive cell cycle

A
  • mitosis
  • late G1
  • early S-phase
32
Q

What is more radiosensitive high or low mitotic

A

•high mitotic

33
Q

Relationship increase in LET= increase in?

A

•RBE

34
Q

Relationship OER increase =

A

•indirect effects of radiation

35
Q

Prodromal syndrome

A

•initial stage of disease

36
Q

Latent period

A

•symptom free

37
Q

Most radiosensitive fetal stage

A

•the first trimester

38
Q

Somatic cell? Mitosis or meiosis?

A

•mitoses

39
Q

Germ cell mitosis or Meiosis?

A

•meiosis

40
Q

Vest shielding

A

•0.25mm Pb

41
Q

What kind of interaction is produced my characteristic radiation

A

•photoelectric

Intro To Physics (7 decks)

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