Quiz 2 Flashcards
Newtons 2nd law
- force that acts on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by acceleration
- F=MA
Newtons 1st law
- inertia-resist change in its state of motion
* a body at rest will remain at rest or continue moving unless acted upon by an external force
Newtons 3rd law
•to every action there is an equal & opposite reaction
Law of conservation of energy
- energy can neither be created nor destroyed
* however it can change to a different amount of energy
Potential energy
- stored energy
* position of an object
Neil Bohr
•proposed the structure of an atom is like a solar system
Nucleus of an atom
- positively charged core of atom
* contains almost the entire mass of atom
Protons
•positively charged particles
Neutrons
- neutral particles
- no change
- does not influence chemical behavior
Binding energy (energy level)
- nuclear glue
- holds nucleus together
- K is higher than L
- the more tightly bound the harder it is to eject from its shell
Energy state of an atom
•positive
(Shell) electrons
- negatively charged
* orbit nucleus & spin while orbiting
Orbit shells K & L
- K=2
- L=8
- K & L must contain there max electrons
- M-Q can have a min of 8 max
Energy state of shell
- negative
- K lowest state
- Q highest energy state
- higher the energy state the more willing it is to give up its energy
Atomic #
- # of protons in nucleus
* found on bottom left
Mass #
- # of protons & neutrons
* found on top left
Atomic weight
- mass of a atom
* relative to atom of carbon 12 isotopes
How to find out how many neutrons in an ATOM
•Mass # - Atomic #
Periodic table
•orderly arrangement from low to high atomic #
Ionization
•addition/removal of electron
Isotopes
- atoms that have the same # of protons but diff. # of neutrons
- more or less neutrons
Columb’s law
- inverse square law
* X-ray quantity is inversely proportional to the square of its distance
Attraction/repulsion
- opposite charges attract
* like charges repel
When a positron interacts with an electron what happens
- annihilation of both
- 2 photons are released in opposite direction
- B+ symbol
- shares energy with negatron
Concentration of charges on curved surface
•where the curve is the greatest
Alpha
- symbol looks like a fish a
- cannot penetrate skin
- highly ionizing
- gives up energy quickly
- high LET
Negatron
- symbol B-
- high penetration
- bremsstrahlung
Earth is a natural ground cuz
- it supplies an endless supply of electrons
* ability to accept & give electrons
Wave length
•distance between crest to crest
Frequency
•# of crests per sec(Hz)
Amplitude
•hight of wave
What has longer wave length visible light or xray
•visible light
•atomic mass when protons electrons and atom is normal
•0
• symbol of ground
- upside down Xmas tree
* potential 0
Conduction
•transfer of heat by molecular motion
Convection
•mechanical transfer of Hot molecules in a gas or liquid form
Periodic table groups vertical columns
• similar chemical properties
Periodic table periods (horizontal row)
- same # of shells but different chemical properties
* Periods
Valence
•# of electrons in outer shell
Ionic bond
•negative & positive ions attract forming a compound
Polar covalent bonding
- sharing of outer orbital electrons
* tight bond
Inherent elements
•outermost shell full (stable) cannot enter into chemical bond
Gamma
- symbol Y
- r produced inside nucleus
- radioactive atom
External force
•force applied causing deformity
Weber
•magnetic theory’s
