Quiz 7 Flashcards
_____ is the chemical breakdown of food into small organic fragments?
Digestion
What are the waves of muscular contractions that move along the length of the digestive tract called?
Peristalsis
Which nerve controls the stomach and initiates the production of gastric juice?
Vagus
Which condition is caused by abdominal organs sliding into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus?
Hiatal hernia
The_____ is the second segment of the small intestine and does the build of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption.
jejunum
_____ is esophageal laceration secondary to vomiting.
Mallory-Weiss Syndorme
The cystic duct leaves the liver and leads to the:
Gallbladder
Which of the following is a general function of the liver?
Metabolic regulation
Which is the most common cause of cirrhosis?
Chronic alcohol abuse
The liver receives about ____ present of cardiac output.
25%
What is the most common cause of chronic viral hepatitis in the United States?
Hepatitis C
Roughly half our daily vitamin _____ requirements are produced by internal bacteria
Vitamin K
Patients with hollow organs problems tend to have:
Diffuse abdominal pain
The renal tubule is responsible for:
Reabsorbing useful organic molecules. Secreting any waste products missed by the filtration process. reabsorbing water.
Filtration membranes allow the passage of:
Water, ions, and glucose.
In the proximal convoluted tubule, water moves out of the tubular fluid by what process?
Osmosis
The ascending limb of the loop of Henle actively transports:
sodium
The hormone erythropoietin and enzyme renin are secreted by the:
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Which is a metabolic wast production of the breakdown of amino acids?
Urea
Which hormone, when at lower levels, decreases water permeability in the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct?
Antidiuretic hormone
In _____, the functions of damaged kidneys are performed by a machine that facilitates diffusion between the patient’s blood and a carefully regulated fluid.
dialysis
Which of the following is a major hormone involved in regulating kidney function?
Aldosterone, Angiotensin II, ADH
Artial natriuretic peptide is released by _____ when blood volume and blood pressure are too high and opposes the actions of the renin-angiotensisn system.
Atrial cardiac muscle cells.
Kidney stones consisting of _____are the most common
calcium salts
the_____ and kidneys play key roles in maintaining the acid-base balance of body fluids.
lungs
If extracellular fluids (ECF) become hypertonic, as compared to the intracellular fluid (ICF), water will move in which direction?
From the cells into the ECF
In response to circulating aldosterone, the kidneys _____ sodium
reabsorb
Severe acidosis can cause what effect on the body?
CNS deterioration/Weak Cardiac Contractions/Peripheral Vasodilation
______ Occurs when alveolar ventilation is increased, resulting in excess elimination of CO2.
Respiratory Alkalosis
The ______ buffer system depends on the ability of amino acids to respond to changes in pH by accepting or releasing hydrogen ions.
Protein
