Quiz 6 Terms

Question 1

“Selective” effect of exercise on anterior hippocampus

What makes it “selective?”

Answer 1

• The effect of exercise (aerobic) influenced (increased the volume of) only the hippocampus, not the caudate nucleus or the thalamus as well. (they had increases for both aerobic exercise and stretching group)
• exercise induced increases in BDNF

Question 2

Exercise intervention vs. habitual exercise

Answer 2

Intervention - increase in hippocampal volume, no major increase in spatial memory performance compared to stretching group
Habitual - higher baseline - better performance on the spatial memory task

Question 3

Senile dementia of the Alzheimer’s type

Answer 3

another word for Alzheimer’s Disease

Question 4

Alois Alzheimer

Answer 4

First described the disease that bears his namesake in 1906
German psychiatrist and neuropathologist
examined patient Auguste D. in 1901
autopsy in 1906 following her death

Question 5

Auguste D

Answer 5

first recorded Alzheimer's patient 
recorded symptoms such as:
impairment in day to day memory
trouble sleeping
language disruptions
delusion
strong feelings of jealousy towards husband
states "I have lost myself"

Question 6

AD Pathology

Answer 6

• atrophy
• plaques
• tangles

Question 7

Atrophy

Answer 7

degeneration of affected regions, such as the temporal lobe and the parietal lobe, as well as the frontal cortex and the cingulate gyrus

Question 8

Tau tangles

Answer 8

deposits of the protein tau that accumulate inside of the nerve cells themselves

Question 9

amyloid plaques

Answer 9

deposits of the protein beta-amyloid that accumulate in the spaces between the nerve cells

Question 10

regional progression

Answer 10

• earliest pathological changes in medial temporal lobe and hippocampus
• then temporal, parietal, and frontal lobe
• some regions have minimal pathology even in advanced stages (primary motor and sensory cortices)

Question 11

Preclinical phase

Answer 11

• silent phase: brain changes without measurable symptoms
• individual may notice changes, but not detectable on tests
• a stage where the patient knows, but the doctor does not

Question 12

mild cognitive impairment (including criteria)

Answer 12

• cognitive changes are of concern to individual and/or family
• one or more cognitive domains are impaired significantly
• preserved activities of daily living

Question 13

amnestic vs. nonamnestic

Answer 13

amnesic - forgetful

nonamnesic - non forgetful

Question 14

Apolipoprotein E

Question 15

Effects on:
memory
executive function/working memory

Question 16

Effects on:
visuospatial function
language
attention

Question 17

Treatment Options

Answer 17

• currently NO WAY to cure it or stop its progression
• encouraging advances in Alz treatment, including medications and non-drug approaches to improve symptom management
• some advances in reducing amyloid buildup, but this has not brought about the cognitive effects we were expecting
• identify patients as early as possible in the course of disease

Question 18

Why are hidden upsides hidden?

Answer 18

• negative stereotypes -> confirmation bias
• metacognition is not always accurate, it is easy to forget the good
• concerns about loss -> increased reliance on external support -> reduced opportunity to see success

Question 19

Reduced inhibition

Answer 19

improved memory for some background content -> increased performance if it ends up being relevant

Question 20

Gist Processing

Answer 20

increased gist processing -> better ability to see the “big picture”

Question 21

Life experience/wisdom

Answer 21

more “life experience” -> greater opportunity to amass wisdom

Question 22

Emotional well-being

Answer 22

prioritizing relationships: Socioemotional Selectivity Theory
emotion regulation

Question 23

Pockets of Preservation in memory