Quiz 6 - extrapyramidal

Question 1

extrapyramidal

Answer 1

non-cortical regulation and modulation of coordination in anterior horn

Question 2

oxidative stress

Answer 2

inability to detoxify reactive intermediates

Question 3

parkinsonism

Answer 3

tremor
postural instability
rigidity
hypokinesia - decreased bodily movement

Question 4

cogwheeling

Answer 4

sign of hypokinesia

Question 5

chorea

Answer 5

involuntary movement

Question 6

athetosis

Answer 6

involuntary, convoluted, writhing movements of distal extremities

Question 7

hemiballismus

Answer 7

involuntary flailing movements

Question 8

dystonia

Answer 8

sustained muscle contractions cause twisting and abnormal postures

Question 9

the extrapyramidal system is responsible for

Answer 9

• sustained posture
• resting tone
• patterned movements

Question 10

what degenerates in parkinson’s?

Answer 10

substantia nigra

Question 11

symptoms of parkinsons

Answer 11

rigidity, bradykinesia, delayed postural reflexes, difficulty initiating movements, resting tremor

Question 12

signs of parkinsons

Answer 12

mask face, stooped posture, increased flexor tone, drooling, shuffling, seborrhea, orthostasis, decreased blinking, soft voice (hypophonia)

Question 13

two mechanisms used in treating parkinsons

Answer 13

agonists of dopamine

antagonists of ACh

Question 14

contrast levodopa and dopamine

Answer 14

levodopa can cross BBB

Question 15

what does carbidopa do?

Answer 15

• blocks dopa decarboxylase

- prevents degeneration of levodopa to dopamine and lessens side affects of levodopa

Question 16

over treatment of parkinsons with dopamine agonists causes

Answer 16

chorea and athetosis

Question 17

surgical procedures for parkinsons

Answer 17

thalamotomy - tremor

palidotomy - rigidity and bradykinesia