neuropharm basics Flashcards
excess glutamate can lead to?
excitotoxicity (ALS, AD, neuropathic pain)
glutamate ionotropic or metabotropic?
both
glutamate secreted by
pyramidal cells
three important types of ionotropic glutamate receptors
- NMDA
- AMPA
- Kainate
name two NMDA receptor antagonists
- PCP
- ketamine
explain the regulation of the NMDA receptor
- needs glycine as a co-agonist
- modulated by Zn and polyamines
- blocked by Mg at RMP
- Ca permeability, acts as messenger
explain metabotropic glutamate receptors
- groups I-III
- act through G protein coupled receptors
- regulate Ca or adenyl cyclase in cell
GABA synthesis
from glutamate by GAD
important drugs that work through GABA receptors
- benzos
- barbiturates
- alcohol
- general anesthetics
important features of GABA-a receptors
- ionotropic
- a-subunit opens Cl channel
- hyperpolarization
features of GABA-b receptors
- metabotropic (G protein coupled channel)
- opens K
- closes Ca
- efflux of K causes hyper polarization
features of GABA-c receptors
- ionotropic
- only one type of subunit
- opens Cl channels
- expression in retinal, spinal cord, pituitary
- not modulated by benzos etc.
major subcategories of monoamines
- serotonin
- catecholamines
- histamine
- tryptamines (5-HT and melatonin)
dopamine (DA) where made and what involved in?
- ventral tegmental area and substantial nigra
- behavior, cognition, movement, motivation, reward, addiction
dopamine receptors types
D1 and D5 - increase adenylyl cyclase - excitatory
D2-4 - increase phosphodiesterase - inhibitory
