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GNURS627/Respiration/Physiology for Anesthesa > Quiz 5 Transport of Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Transport of Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide Flashcards

1
Q

What is the tissue pressure for O2 at the capillaries?

A

PO2 > 10 mm Hg

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2
Q

What is the tissue pressure for CO2 at the Capillaries?

A

PCO2 > 50 mm Hg

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3
Q

Diffusion is too slow over what distance?

A

> 100 um

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4
Q

What is hypoxic hypoxia?

A
  • inadequate O2 uptake into blood in lungs

- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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5
Q

What is stagnant (ischemic) hypoxia?

A
  • inadequate blood flow to an organ

- Arteriosclerosis peripheral vascular disease

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6
Q

What is anemic hypoxia?

A
  • Inadequate blood oxygen carrying capacity

- Inactivated hemoglobin

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7
Q

What is histotoxic hypoxia?

A
  • Interference with mitochondrial respiration

- Cyanide poisoning

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8
Q

What is diffusion disturbance?

A

-Long diffusion path

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9
Q

What is the normal hemoglobin concentration?

A

-15 g/dL or 150 g/L

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10
Q

What are the four subunits of hemoglobin?

A
  • 2 alpha
  • 2 beta

Normal adult HgbA has both A2 + B2

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11
Q

How much O2 can be carried by each gram of hemoglobin?

A

-1.31 mL of O2 (theoretically up to 1.39 mL/gm)

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12
Q

T/F: Hemoglobin is oxygenated.

A

False

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13
Q

T/F: Oxyhemoglobin is oxygenated.

A

True

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14
Q

What is oxygen saturation?

A

Ratio of oxygen bound to Hb compared to total amount that can be bound.

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15
Q

What is oxygen capacity?

A

Maximal amount of O2 bound to Hemoglobin.

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16
Q

What is the PaO2 when saturation (Hb) is 90%?

A

PaO2 = 60

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17
Q

What is the PaO2 when the saturation (Hb) is 75%?

A

PaO2 =40

18
Q

What is the Pa02 when the saturation (Hb) is 50%?

A

PaO2 = 27

19
Q

What is Ligand of hemoglobin?

A
  • covalent bonds to the iron in Hemoglobin

- the bonds have more affinity to iron in hemoglobin than does oxygen

20
Q

Carbon monoxide binds ______ times stronger to hemoglobin than oxygen.

A
  • 250 times the affinity then oxygen
  • does not dissociate readily
  • Requires hours to rid body of CO
21
Q

Nitric oxide binds ______ times stronger to hemoglobin than oxygen.

A
  • 200,000 times the affinity then oxygen
  • hemoglobin binds irreversibly to NO
  • Used to treat hypertension
22
Q

What factors would create a left shift of the Hb-O2 dissociation curve?

A
  • Low PCO2 (alkalosis)
  • Low temperature
  • Low levels of 2,3 DPG
  • carboxyhemoglobin
  • methemoglobin
  • abnormal hemoglobin
23
Q

What factors would create a right shift of the Hb-O2 dissociation curve?

A
  • Acute acidosis
  • High CO2
  • Increased temperature
  • High levels of 2, 3 DGP
  • Abnormal hemoglobin
24
Q

What type of shift would you see on Hb-O2 disassociation curve after a blood transfusion?

A

A left shift - PRBC are stored cold and are low in 2,3 DPG

25
Q

Packed red blood cells have a diminished level of what?

A

2,3 DPG

26
Q

What is the normal CO2 production in a resting adult?

A

200 mL/min

27
Q

What are the three forms carbon dioxide is transported by the blood?

A
  1. Dissolved directly in blood.
  2. Bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) and Carbonic acid (H2CO3).
  3. Bound to hemoglobin and plasma proteins.
28
Q

In what form is most CO2 transported by in the blood?

A

-Bicarbonate (HCO3-)

29
Q

What is the P50 of oxygen PO2?

A

P50 - the pressure of Oxygen PO2 when your hgb is 50% saturated.
P50 = 27mmHg

30
Q

Venous hgb has a PO2 of 40mm Hg, what is it’s O2 Sat?

A

approx 75%

31
Q

If you have a change in shape of the S-curve of the Oxyhemoglobin Curve, what does this indicate?

A

greater interference with O2 transport than a shift in the curve

32
Q

Which has a greater affinity for oxygen, hemoglobin or myoglobin?

A

Myoglobin - binds O2 at lower PO2

33
Q

What is Bohr effect?

A

An increase in H+ decreases Hgb’s affinity for O2 (right shift)

34
Q

What is the equation for CaO2 (O2 content of the blood)?

A

CaO2 = (SO2 * Hgb * 1.31) + (PO2 * 0.003)

SO2 will be expressed as decimal rather than %

35
Q

In the equation for CaO2, what does the 1.31 represent?

A

the amount of O2 (1.31 ml) that 1 gm of Hgb can carry.

36
Q

What is the Haldane effect?

A

O2 binds to Hgb –> Hgb releases CO2 and H+

37
Q

What is the rough way to estimate PaO2 to SaO2?

A

PaO2: 40,50,60 ~ SaO2 70,80,90 %

38
Q

Give an example of Hypoxic Hypoxia

A

COPD

39
Q

Give an example of Stagnant (ischemic) hypoxia

A

Arteriosclerosis, PVD

40
Q

Give an example of Anemic Hypoxia

A

hypoxia due to anemia - inactivated hemoglobin.

41
Q

Give an example of Histotoxic Hypoxia

A

hypoxia due to cyanide poisoning

42
Q

How many oxygen molecules can bind to a single hemoglobin?

A

4

GNURS627/Respiration/Physiology for Anesthesa (11 decks)

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