Mechanics of Resp Part 1 - Quiz 2

Question 2

What are the primary goals of the respiration system?

Answer 2

Distribute air and blood flow for gas exchange.Provide oxygen to cells in body tissue.Remove carbon dioxide for body.Maintain homeostasis for metabolic needs.

Question 3

What are the two ventilation phases?

Answer 3

Inspiration and expiration.

Question 4

What is the blood volume within the lungs?

Answer 4

500 mL (10% of total blood volume.

Question 5

What factors are required to alter lung volumes?

Answer 5

• Respiratory muscles; - Tissue elastance and resistance;- Distribution of air movement within the lungs(resistance within the airway:- Overcoming surface tension within alveoli,

Question 6

What transmits motor stimulation to the diaphragm?

Answer 6

Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)

Question 7

What transmits motor stimulation to the external intercostal muscles?

Answer 7

Intercostal nerves (T 1-11)

Question 8

How much does diaphragm move down during inspiration?

Answer 8

1 cm

Question 9

How much does diaphragm move down during a forced inspiration?

Answer 9

10 cm

Question 10

The external intercostal muscles are responsible for what percentage of inspiration?

Answer 10

25 %

Question 11

What is lost when external intercostal muscle lose innervation?

Answer 11

Sensation of inhalation is decreased.

Question 12

What muscles assist with forced inspiration during periods of stress or exercise?

Answer 12

Scalene muscle and Sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Question 13

What muscle are needed for active expiration?

Answer 13

Rectus abdominus/abdominal oblique muscles and Internal intercostals muscles.

Question 14

What is transpulmonary pressure?

Answer 14

Pressure difference between the alveolar pressure and pleural pressure on outside of lungs.

Question 15

What is the visceral pleura?

Answer 15

Thin serosal membrane that envelopes the lobes of the lungs.

Question 16

What is the parietal pleura?

Answer 16

Lines the inner surface of the chest wall, lateral mediastinum, and most of the diaphragm.

Question 17

What effect does the lymphatic drainage have on the pleura?

Answer 17

Constant suction on the pleura (-5 cmH2)

Question 18

Is the pressure of the fluid in the space between the lung pleura (visceria) and chest wall pleura (parietal) negative or positive?

Answer 18

Negative

Question 19

What happens if the pleural pressure becomes positive in the lung?

Answer 19

Lung collapse (Pneumothorax, hemothorax, chylothorax.

Question 20

What is the average functional residual capacity?

Answer 20

2.5 L

Question 21

True of False: Spirometry can measure residual volume (RV).

Answer 21

False

Question 22

True or False: The functional residual capacity (FRC) and total lung capacity (TLC) cannot be measure by spirometry alone.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What can determine the functional residual capacity and total lung capacity?

Answer 23

Helium dilution; Nitrogen washout; Body plethysmography.

Question 24

What are the functions of respiration?

Answer 24

Mechanics of pulmonary ventilation, diffusion of O2 & CO2 between alveoli and blood; transport of O2 and CO2 to and from tissues; regulation of ventilation and respiration.

Question 25

Where do the scalene muscle attach and what is their function?

Answer 25

Attach at the cervical spine to apical rib and elevate the first two ribs during forced inspiration.

Question 26

Where do the sternocleidomastoid muscle attach and what is their function?

Answer 26

Attach at the base of skull (mastoid process) to top sternum and clavicle medially. They function to raise the sternum during forced insiration.