Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Quiz 5 Study # 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Study # 2 Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy of the renal system

A

Glomerulus,Proximal convoluted tubule,Loop of Henle

Distal convoluted tubule,Collecting Duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

glomerulus

A

initial filtering of blood takes place here, comprosed of a cluster of capillaries surrounded by glomerular capsule .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

proximal tubule

A

follows glomerulus anatomically & returns 60-70% of sodium and water from filtered fluid back into bloodstream.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

loop of Henle

A

20-25% of sodium is resorbed back in bloodstream here. Chloride actively resorbed an sodium passively follows.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

distal tubule

A

anatomically follows loop, remaining 5-10% of sodium resorption takes place here.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

collecting duct

A

final common pathway for filtrate. here antidiuretic hormone acts acts to increase absorption of water back into bloodstream, preventing it from being lost in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

effects of aldosterone on the distal tubule

A

in distal tubule, sodium is actively filtered in exchange for potassium or hydrogens ions, which is regulated by aldosterone hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

physiology of the renal system

A

Cleansing of extracellular fluid (ECF), excretion of metabolic wastes and foreign substances
Maintenance of extracellular volume and composition
Maintenance of acid-base balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Kidney has three basic processes

A

Filtration,Reabsorption,Active secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

MOA loop diuretics

A

Blocks reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle which prevents reabsorption of water. Ex. furosemide (Lasix), bumetanide (Bumex), torsemide (Demadex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

therapeutic/drug effects loop diuretics

A

it produces extensive diuresis. reduces blood pressure, reduces pulmonary vascular resistance,reduces systemic vascular resistance,reduces central venous pressure,reduces left ventricular end-diastolic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

indications loop diuretics

A

Pulmonary edema caused by heart failure, hepatic or renal failure, control HTN, increase renal excretion of calcium in hypercalcemia pt.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

contraindications loop diuretics

A

End stage renal disease, anuria, known drug allergy, hepatic coma, severe electrolye loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

adverse effects loop diuretics

A

Severe dehydration,Hypotension,Hypokalemia (14-60%)

Ototoxicity, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia (40%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

nursing responsibilities including important lab values loop

A 
Monitor fluid volume status,Monitor blood pressure
Monitor electrolytes (especially K+)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

interactions loop

A

digoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

patient education loop

A

Monitor weight and blood pressure,Change positions slowly, Eat potassium rich foods, take early in the day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

MOA Thiazide diuretics

A

Blocks reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the early distal tubule which prevents reabsorption of water.Ex.
Chlorthalidone, hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril, HCTZ),indapamide, metolazone chlorothiazide (Diuril)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

therapeutic/drug effects thiazide

A

Since only 10% of filtered Na+ and Cl- is reabsorbed at this site, the maximum diuresis is less than Loop

20
Q

indications thiazide

A

First-line treatment for HTN

21
Q

contraindications thiazide

A

Renal insufficiency, anuria, hepatic coma, known drug allergy

22
Q

adverse effects thiazide

A

Dehydration,Hypotension,Hypokalemia,Hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia

23
Q

nursing responsibilities including important lab values thiazide

A 
Monitor fluid volume status,Monitor blood pressure
Monitor electrolytes (especially K+)
24
Q

patient education thiazide

A

Monitor weight and blood pressure,Change positions slowly,Eat potassium rich foods
Take early in the day to avoid nocturia

25
Q

MOA Potassium-sparing diuretics

A

Blocks the action of aldosterone in the distal tubule which results in potassium retention and the excretion of sodium and water. Ex. (spironolactone, Aldactone)

26
Q

therapeutic/drug effects potassium-sparing

A

Counter acts the potassium-wasting effect of more powerful diuretics. Mild diuresis effect.

27
Q

indications potassium sparing

A

Frequently combined with thiazide and loop diuretics to counterbalance potassium-wasting

28
Q

contraindications potassium sparing

A

Renal failure or anuria,Hyperkalemia

29
Q

adverse effects potassium sparing

A

Hyperkalemia (if used alone), Gynecomastia, impotence, menstrual irregularities

30
Q

nursing responsibilities including important lab values potassium sparing

A 
Monitor fluid volume status,Monitor blood pressure
Monitor electrolytes (especially K+)
31
Q

interactions potassium sparing

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors,Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs),Direct renin inhibitors,Potassium supplements

32
Q

patient education potassium sparing

A

Teach patients to keep a log of blood pressure and weight,Avoid salt substitutes that contain potassium

33
Q

MOA Osmotic diuretics

A

Decreases cerebral edema by raising serum osmolality which draws fluid into the vascular space. Creates osmotic effect in nephron causing increased secretion of water. Ex. mannitol (Osmitrol) IV only.

34
Q

therapeutic/drug effects osmotic

A

The greater the amount of mannitol the greater the diuresis (available in 5-25%). may prevent kidney damage during renal failure, used in intracranial and intraocular pressure.

35
Q

indications osmotic

A

Cerebral edema,Prevention of kidney injury in hypovolemic shock

36
Q

contraindications osmotic

A

Renal failure, Pulmonary edema caused by heart failure, active intracranial bleeding

37
Q

adverse effects osmotic

A

Can precipitate heart failure & pulmonary edema

38
Q

nursing responsibilities including important lab values osmotic

A

Monitor fluid volume status,Monitor blood pressure
Monitor electrolytes,Use a filter in the intravenous (I.V.) tubing,Monitor for signs/symptoms of heart failure and notify prescriber immediately

39
Q

Foods rich in potassium

A

bananas, potatoes, dried fruit, tomatoes, spinach, citrus fruits

40
Q

Normal serum potassium level

A

approximately 3.5-5.0 mEq/L

41
Q

Urine output

A

30 mL/hr

42
Q

Serum creatinine level

A

0.6-1.2 mg/dL

43
Q

BUN levels

A

10 to 20 mg/dL

44
Q

S&S of hypokalemia

A

weakness, fatigue, constipation, and muscle cramping. In more severe cases, heart arrhythmias, or abnormal rhythms may occur.

45
Q

S&S of hyperkalemia

A

fatigue or weakness, a feeling of numbness or tingling, nausea or vomiting ,problems breathing, chest pain, palpitations or skipped heartbeats

Pharmacology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions