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CA 101 > Quiz #5 Psych > Flashcards

Quiz #5 Psych Flashcards

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1
Q

Anxiety disorder characterized by intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations in which it might be difficult to escape if one experiences symptoms of a panic attack.

A

Agoraphobia

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2
Q

cause or causes of a psychological disorder

A

Etiology

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3
Q

cognitive theory of depression proposing that a style of thinking that perceives negative life events as having stable and global causes leads to a sense of hopelessness and then to depression

A

hopelessness theory

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4
Q

Characterized by continuous state of excessive, uncontrollable, and pointless worry and apprehension

A

Generalized anxiety disorder

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5
Q

characterized by a lack of regard for other’s rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds.

A

Antisocial personality disorder

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6
Q

characterized by excessive and persistent fear and anxiety, and by related disturbances in behavior

A

Anxiety disorder

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7
Q

suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder (a diathesis) are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with stress

A

Diathesis-stress model

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8
Q

model of psychopathology

A

Diathesis-stress model

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9
Q

childhood disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, communication, and repetitive patterns of behavior or interest

A

Autism spectrum disorder

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10
Q

group of mood disorders in which mania is the defining feature

A

Bipolar and related disorders

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11
Q

co-occurrence of two disorders in the same individual

A

comorbidity

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12
Q

belief that is contrary to reality and is firmly held, despite contradictory evidence

A

delusion

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13
Q

psychological state lasting from a few seconds to several days, during which one relives a traumatic event and behaves as though the event were occurring at that moment

A

flashback

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14
Q

state of extreme elation and agitation

A

mania

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15
Q

characterized by beliefs that one holds special power, unique knowledge, or is extremely important

A

Grandiose delusion

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16
Q

dissociative disorder characterized by an inability to recall important personal information, usually following an extremely stressful or traumatic experience

A

dissociative amnesia

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17
Q

symptom of mania that involves an abruptly switching in conversation from one topic to another

A

Flight of ideas

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18
Q

model of psychological disorders resulting from the inability of an internal mechanism to perform its natural function

A

harmful dysfunction

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19
Q

childhood disorder characterized by inattentiveness and/or hyperactive, impulsive behavior

A

attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder

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20
Q

describes behaviors or feelings that deviate from the norm

A

atypical

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21
Q

mood disorder characterized by mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

A

bipolar disorder

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22
Q

decreased reactivity to the environment; includes posturing and catatonic stupor

A

catatonic behavior

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23
Q

involves excessive preoccupation with an imagined defect in physical appearance

A

body dysmorphic disorder

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24
Q

one of a group of mood disorders in which depression is the defining feature

A

depressive disorder

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25
Q

characterized by persistent difficulty in parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value or usefulness

A

hoarding disorder

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26
Q

theory of schizophrenia that proposes that an overabundance of dopamine or dopamine receptors is responsible for the onset and maintenance of schizophrenia

A

dopamine hypothesis

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27
Q

dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct, well-defined personalities or identities and experiences memory gaps for the time during which another identity emerged

A

Dissociative identity disorder/ multiple personality disorder

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27
Q

symptom of dissociative amnesia in which a person suddenly wanders away from one’s home and experiences confusion about his or her identity

A

dissociative fugue symptom

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28
Q

perceptual experience that occurs in the absence of external stimulation, such as the auditory hallucinations (hearing voices) common to schizophrenia

A

hallucination

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29
Q

area of the brainstem that contains norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter that triggers the body’s fight-or-flight response; has been implicated in panic disorder

A

locus coeruleus

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30
Q

commonly referred to as “depression” or “major depression,” characterized by sadness or loss of pleasure in usual activities, as well as other symptoms

A

major depressive disorder

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31
Q

group of DSM-5 disorders in which the primary feature is that a person becomes associated, or split off, from his or her core sense of self, resulting in disturbances in identity and memory

A

dissociative disorders

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32
Q

authoritative index of mental and physical diseases, including infectious diseases, and the criteria for their diagnosis; published by the World Health Organization (WHO).

A

International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

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33
Q

determination of which disorder a set of symptoms presents

A

diagnosis

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34
Q

highly unusual behaviors and movements (such as child-like behaviors), repeated and purposeless movements, and displaying odd facial expressions and gestures

A

disorganized/ abnormal motor behavior

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35
Q

disjointed and incoherent thought processes, usually detected by what a person says

A

disorganized thinking

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35
Q

authoritative index of mental disorders and the criteria for their diagnosis; published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA).

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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36
Q

instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood, as well as impulsivity; key features include intolerance of being alone and fear of abandonment, unstable relationships, unpredictable behavior and moods, and intense and inappropriate anger

A

Borderline personality disorder

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37
Q

dissociative disorder in which people feel detached from the self, and the world feels artificial and unreal

A

depersonalization/ derealization disorder

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38
Q

belief that something highly unusual is happening to one’s body or internal organs

A

Somatic delusion

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39
Q

in schizophrenia, one of the early minor symptoms of psychosis

A

prodromal symptom

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40
Q

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

A

psychological disorder

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41
Q

period in which an individual experiences mania, characterized by extremely cheerful and euphoric mood, excessive talkativeness, irritability, increased activity levels, and other symptoms.

A

Manic Episode

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42
Q

an anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks

A

panic disorder

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43
Q

characterized by decreases and absences in certain normal behaviors, emotions, or drives, such as an expressionless face, lack of motivation to engage in activities, reduced speech, lack of social engagement, and inability to experience pleasure

A

negative symptom

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44
Q

area of the frontal lobe involved in learning and decision-making

A

orbitofrontal cortex

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45
Q

period of extreme fear and discomfort that develops abruptly; symptoms of panic attacks are both physiological and psychological

A

panic attack

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46
Q

thoughts of death by suicide, thinking about or planning suicide, or making a suicide attempt

A

Suicidal ideation

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47
Q

death caused by intentional, self-directed injurious behavior

A

suicide

48
Q

group of DSM-5 disorders characterized by an inflexible and pervasive personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of one’s culture and causes distress and impairment; people with these disorders have a personality style that frequently brings them into conflict with others and disrupts their ability to develop and maintain social relationships.

A

personality disorder

49
Q

characterized by beliefs that others are out to harm them

A

paranoid delusion

50
Q

one of the disorders that are first diagnosed in childhood and involve developmental problems in academic, and intellectual, social functioning

A

Neurodevelopmental disorder

51
Q

one of a group of disorders characterized by severe disturbances in mood and emotions; the categories of mood disorders listed in the DSM-5 are bipolar and related disorders and depressive disorders

A

Mood disorder

52
Q

a subtype of depression that applies to women who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth.

A

peripartum onset/postpartum depression

53
Q

characterized by the tendency to experience intrusive and unwanted thoughts and urges and or the need to engage in repetitive behavior or mental acts in response to the unwanted thoughts and urges

A

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

54
Q

subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of the year

A

Seasonal pattern

55
Q

one of the fluid-filled cavities within the brain

A

ventricle

56
Q

mental and behavior acts designed to reduce anxiety in social situations by reducing the chance of negative social outcomes; common in social anxiety disorder

A

safety behavior

57
Q

in depression, tendency to repetitively and passively dwell in one’s depressed symptoms.

A

rumination

58
Q

characterized by extreme and persistent dear or anxiety and avoidance of social situations in which one could potentially be evaluated negatively by others

A

Social anxiety disorder

59
Q

study of psychological disorders, including their symptoms, causes, and treatment; manifestation of a psychological disorder

A

psychopathology

60
Q

group of overlapping disorders listed in the DSM-5 that involves intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and/or repetitive behaviors

A

Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders

61
Q

depressive disorder characterized by a chronically sad and melancholy mood

A

persistent depressive disorder

62
Q

describes a force beyond scientific understanding

A

supernatural

63
Q

anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation

A

specific phobia

64
Q

experiencing a profoundly traumatic event leads to a constellation of symptoms that include intrusive and distressing memories of the event, avoidance of stimuli connected to the event, negative emotional states, feelings of detachment from others, irritability, proneness toward outbursts, hypervigilance, and a tendency to startle easily; these symptoms must occur for at least one month

A

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

64
Q

severe disorder characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior with symptoms that include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and behavior, and negative symptoms.

A

schizophrenia

65
Q

Experience significant physical symptoms for which there is no apparent organic cause, but these seems to be the result of psychological factors.

A

somatic symptom disorder

66
Q

Individuals will worry that they will develop or have a serious illness but not always experience severe physical symptoms.

A

Illness Anxiety Disorder

67
Q

a condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

A

Psychological Disorder

68
Q

A psychological disorder is a condition that is said to consist of the following:

A
  • There are significant disturbances in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
  • The disturbances reflect some kind of biological, psychological, or developmental dysfunction.
  • The disturbances lead to significant distress or disability in one’s life.
  • The disturbances do not reflect expected or culturally approved responses to certain events.
69
Q

Perspective attributed to a force beyond scientific understanding.

A

Supernatural perspectives

70
Q

_______ is more frequently used for clinical diagnosis whereas ______ is more valued for research.

A

ICD & DSM

71
Q

Views psychological disorders as linked to biological phenomena, such as genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities.

A

Biological Perspectives of Psychological Disorders

72
Q

This perspective emphasizes the importance of learning, stress, faulty and self-defeating thinking patterns, and environmental factors.

A

Psychosocial perspective

73
Q

Views Psychological disorders as originating from a combination of biological and psychological processes

A

Psychosocial Perspective

74
Q

Integrates biological and psychosocial factors to predict the likelihood of a disorder.

A

Diathesis-Stress model

75
Q

experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation

A

Specific Phobia

76
Q

Phobias according to Rachman can be acquired through three major pathways. What are these?

A

Classical conditioning
Vicarious learning such as modeling
Verbal transmission or information

77
Q

Give 9 examples of Safety behaviors

A

avoiding eye contact
rehearsing sentences before speaking
Talking only briefly
and not talking about oneself
Assuming roles in social situations that minimize interaction with others
wearing bland, neutral clothes to avoid drawing attention to oneself
selecting a position to avoid scrutiny or contact with others (sitting in back of the room)

78
Q

an inherited trait, and it is characterized by a consistent tendency to show fear and restraint when presented with unfamiliar people or situations.

A

Behavioral inhibition

79
Q

is often characterized as fear of fear

A

Panic disorder

80
Q

Fear of strangers

A

Xenophobia

81
Q

fear of flying

A

Aerophobia

82
Q

acrophobia

A

fear of heights

83
Q

Fear of snakes

A

Ophidiophobia

84
Q

Cynophobia

A

Fear of dogs

85
Q

Hematophobia

A

Fear of blood

86
Q

trypanophobia

A

injections

87
Q

Fear of being buried alive

A

Taphophobia

88
Q

characterized as persistent, unintentional, and unwanted thoughts and urges that are highly intrusive, unpleasant and distressing

A

obsession

89
Q

ex. of obsessions

A

order and symmetry
concerns about germs and contamination
doubts
urges that are aggressive or lustful

90
Q

compulsions

A

they are repetitive and ritualistic acts that are typically carried out primarily as means to minimize the distress that obsessions trigger or to reduce the likelihood of a feared event

91
Q

ex of compulsions

A

Compulsions often include such behaviors as repeated and extensive hand washing, cleaning, checking
(e.g., that a door is locked), and ordering (e.g., lining up all the pencils in a particular way), and they
also include such mental acts as counting, praying, or reciting something to oneself

92
Q

orbitofrontal cortex

A

a brain region that is believed to play a critical role in OCD, located in the frontal lobe involved in learning and decision making.

93
Q

Conditioning and OCD

A

Classical conditioning

Operant Conditioning

94
Q

This disorder was once called shell shock and combat neurosis

A

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

95
Q

PTSD development is influenced by

A

the interaction of psychosocial and biological factors

96
Q

the comfort, advice, and assistance received from relatives, friends, and neighbors.

A

Social Support

97
Q

What are the cognitive factors that maintain development and maintenance to PTSD?

A

disturbances in memory for the event

Negative appraisals of the trauma and its aftermath

98
Q

loss of interest in activities once enjoyed, often experience a decrease in drives such as hunger and sex, and frequently doubt personal worth

A

Depressive disorders

99
Q

Differentiate depressive disorders from bipolar and related disorders?

A

Depression is main feature

Mania is the defining feature

100
Q

It is often referred to as the common cold of psychiatric disorders

A

Major depressive disorder

100
Q

Experience depressed moods most of the day nearly every day for at least two years

A

Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)

101
Q

What are the risk factors for suicide?

A

Brain chemistry - serotonin dysfunction (low levels of serotonin)

102
Q

Give 5 examples of delusions

A

Paranoid Delusions
- false belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person
Grandiose Delusions
- beliefs one holds special power, unique knowledge, or is extremely important
Somatic Delusion
- belief that something highly abnormal is happening to one’s body

103
Q

these reflect noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives

A

Negative Symptoms

104
Q

Characterized by a lack of motivation to engage in self-initiated and meaningful activity, including the most basic tasks, such as bathing and grooming

A

Avolition

105
Q

Refers to reduced speech output; patients do not say much

A

Alogia

106
Q

It is social withdrawal and lack in engaging in social interactions (negative symptom)

A

Asociality

107
Q

Refers to an inability to experience pleasure.

A

Anhedonia

108
Q

4 negative symptoms

A

Avolition
Alogia
Asociality
Anhedonia

109
Q

Causes of Schizophrenia

A

Dopamine hypothesis (overabundance of dopamine)
Enlarged ventricles associated with a loss of brain tissue.
Display a reduction in gray matter
Events during pregnancy
Marijuana use

110
Q

What are the 3 clusters for personality disorders

A

Cluster A: Personality style that is odd or eccentric
- Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
Cluster B: are highly emotional, impulsive, overdramatic
- antisocial, histrionic, narcissistic
Cluster C: avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive
- nervous and fearful

111
Q

Differentiate between Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal

A

Paranoid - pervasive unjustifiable suspiciousness and mistrust of others
Schizoid - lacks interest to form relationships, indifferent to approval or criticism of others.
Schizotypal - exhibits eccentricities in thought, emotion, speech and behavior, unusual perpetual experiences.

112
Q

What are the three major concepts for Antisocial personality disorder?

A

Disinhibition, Boldness and meanness

113
Q

Causes of ADHD

A

Dopamine deficits

114
Q

What signs of Autism spectrum disorder do you expect

A

a. Deficits in social interaction
b. deficits in communication
c. repetitive patterns of behavior or interests

115
Q

Asperger’s disorder

A

having an average or high intelligence and strong vocabulary but exhibiting impairments in social interaction and social communication

116
Q

d

A

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