quiz 5 Mental Health

Question 1

Anxiety

Answer 1

Excessive worry; Restlessness; Difficulty concentrating; Sleep disruption; panic attacks

therapy, antianxiety and depressant medications
19% of US adults each year
hereditary in youth or childhood
increased chance when you have experienced childhood trauma or adverse exxperiences

Question 2

Depression

Answer 2

Sadness, anxiousness, emptiness, hopelessness; Sleep disorders; Lethargy; Reduced or increased appetite; suicidality

same as anxiety, but also exercise, and electroconvulsive therapy
8% of population experiences an episode every year
young adults and members of multiple races= increased rates
50%hereditary
multiple traumatic experiences increase risk

Question 3

Bipolar

Answer 3

Both manic (euphoric/inflated self-esteem) and depressive episodes; psychosis
mood stabilizers, therapy
3%in US young adults-age 34
10%hereditary
childhood trauma increases risk and severity

Question 4

Anorexia

Answer 4

Extreme fear of gaining weight; low body weight; starvation; emotional and behavioral issues; fatigue/insomnia; excessive exercising; absence of menstruation
Psychotherapy; dietetics; hospitalization
5% in US; higher in women; higher in those with physical disabilities
Some genetic contributions from varying genes involved in mood and appetite
Trauma increases risk and increases severity

Question 5

borderline personality disorder

Answer 5

Unstable mood; unhealthy relationships and attachment styles; intense fear of loneliness and rejection; self-sabotage; distorted self-image; co-occurrence of other mental illnesses

Psychotherapy; anger management; mood stabilizers or antidepressants for co-occurring mental illnesses if needed

1.4% of adults; Much more commonly diagnosed in women
Unclear, but may be as high as 40%

Traumatic events in early life strongly increases risk- most of any personality disorders

Question 6

OCD

Answer 6

Repeated, persistent intrusive thoughts, urges or images; repeat behaviors to prevent bad things from happening

Psychotherapy; antidepressants; deep brain stimulation/transcranial magnetic stimulation

1.2% of adults in US in past year; higher in women; onset higher in 18-29 year olds

Strong genetic components; clustering of cases in families is common

Can cause onset among children with anxious/depressive tendencies; compulsions often a response to trauma

Question 7

Schizophrenia

Answer 7

Delusions; hallucinations; disordered motor behavior and speech

Antipsychotics; psychotherapy; electroconvulsive therapy

0.45% of adults

6x increase in risk if first degree relative with schizophrenia; genetically complicated

Emotional/physical neglect and physical abuse increase risk

Question 8

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Answer 8

Inflated self-importance and feelings of superiority; attention-seeking; lack of empathy and sympathy; troubled relationships

Psychotherapy; prevention in early childhood; family therapy

6% of adults; More common in men

little genetic influence

Emotional trauma such as neglect or high levels of parental criticism in childhood increases risk

Question 9

PTSD

Answer 9

Intrusive memories, avoidance, negative changes in thinking and mood, changes in emotional and physical reactions

Cognitive therapy, exposure therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications

5% of adults; More common in women (~8%) and veterans (~7%)

May account for 30-40% of the heritability of PTSD

Triggered by a traumatic event, either experiencing or witnessing it